Bayyana da Tattalin Masu Turanci da Kula da Magangan Aiki na Tansufar Daidaito

Takammiya Bincike da Yadda Ake Ganin Kuma Ma'ana Cin Cewa Mai Kula

Bincike da ma'anar kula mai kula shi ne matsayin wani babban muhimmin abu a cikin tushen kula mai kula, wanda ke na gajarta a zaba masu sauki, nuna al'amuran, kontrola harsunan jiki, da kuma ci gaban rayuwa. Binciken ya kamata a yi a tsawon uku: na'ura na kula, yanayi a lokacin, da kuma inganci masu yawan yanayi, tare da a bincika model mai sarrafa a cikin yanayin samun.

1. Takammiya Bincike da Na'urar Kula

• Kategorizaci da Muhimman Abubuwa

• Kula na Gida: Wanda an sanin da ake amfani da ita a kan ilimi da abubuwan gida, tare da kurba na kula na ranar da ke nuna dubu biyu (rana da rana) da kuma mafi girma na kula na shekarar da ke nuna (kusan 30%–40%).

• Kula na Kasuwanci: An kategorize su a kan daidai (misali, tafkin kasuwancin fer), daidai (misali, makaranta), da kuma kula na dabi (misali, tafki na siffofin elektrik), wadannan suna bukatar tabbacin harmoniki, nuna al'amuran, da kuma kula na dabi.

• Kula na Kasuwanci: Misali, mallu da data centers, wadannan suna da yawan yanayi (misali, air conditioning na ranar) da kuma abubuwan da ba su da musamman (misali, UPS, frequency converters).

• Modeling na Kula

• Amfani da models na circuit ko data na fiti don kwalifikanta power factor (PF), harmonic content (misali, THDi), da kuma nuna al'amuran na kula.

2. Bincike da Yanayi a Lokacin

• Kurba na Kula na Ranar

• An kafa shi daga monitoring na field ko curves na standard (misali, IEEE), wanda ke nuna lokacin da kula ta fiye da kuma lokacin da kula ta fiye, da kuma lokacin da suke da suka.

• Misali: Kurba na kula na ranar na parki na kasuwanci yana nuna dubu biyu a lokacin 10:00–12:00 da kuma 18:00–20:00, tare da mafi girma na kula na ranar da ke nuna (kusan 20%).

• Kurba na Kula na Shekara

• Yana koyar yawan yanayi (misali, cooling na ranar, heating na harmattan) da kuma nuna kula na kusa a cikin tarihin data.

• Muhimman Metrics: Mafi girma na kula na shekara (Tmax), load factor (LF), da kuma load coefficient (LF%).

3. Inganci Masu Yawan Yanayi da Bincike da Correlation

• Inganci na Jiki

• Kullum 10°C na increase na jiki na environment yana haifar da capacity na transformer da kusan 5% (a cikin thermal aging models), wanda ke bukatar verification na overloading capability.

• Inganci na Altitude

• Kullum 300m na increase na altitude yana haifar da insulation strength da kusan ~1%, wanda ke bukatar adjustment na insulation design ko derating na capacity.

• Severity na Pollution

• An kategorize su a cikin IEC 60815 (misali, light, heavy pollution), wanda ke nuna bushing da insulator selection da kuma creepage distance.

4. Methods da Tools na Bincike

• Approach na Measurement-Based

• An kulla data na kula na duniya daga smart meters da oscillographs, tare da statistical analysis (misali, distribution na kula, harmonic spectrum).

• Approach na Simulation-Based

• Amfani da software kamar ETAP ko DIgSILENT don model systems na power a cikin scenarios na duniya.

• Empirical Formulas

• Misali, formula na load factor a cikin IEC 60076 don rapid transformer capacity estimation.

5. Amfani da Results na Bincike

• Selection na Capacity

• Yana nuna capacity na transformer a cikin rate na kula (misali, 80% design margin) da kuma overloading capability (misali, 1.5× rated current for 2 hours).

• Distribution na Loss

• Iron losses (PFe) suna da kula, while copper losses (PCu) suna scale with kula squared, wanda ke bukatar balance bayan no-load da load losses.

• Control na Temperature Rise

• Calculates winding hot-spot temperatures based on characteristics na kula don ensure compliance with ratings na thermal na insulation material (misali, Class A ≤105°C).

Kalmomi

Bincike da ma'anar kula ya kamata a yi integration na'ura na kula, yanayi a lokacin, da kuma inganci masu yawan yanayi don a yi bincike a cikin measurement, simulation, da kuma empirical methods don a bincika model mai sarrafa. Results na wannan zai haifar da selection na capacity, distribution na loss, da kuma operational reliability, wanda ke jawo foundation na tushen kula mai kula.

• Economic Analysis

• Compares returns na investment da different capacities via life-cycle cost (LCC) assessment.