Misa da Yawan Ionization?

Electrical4u

فیلڈ: Karkashin Kuliya da Dukkana

China

Abin da ya fi shi a yawan da yake kawo electrons na farkon da yake a kan jirgin da yake don gina ions murabba ta dace a cikin abubuwan da ake bayarwa a kan atomos da su. Wannan abu an sani ne a nan Ionisation Energy. A cikin haka, Ionisation Energy shi ne abu da ake bayarwa a kan atom da kuma molekulu da take so ku kawo electron da ya fi shi a kan valence shell da ya fi shi a kan jirgi don gina ion murabba. Unitoshin ta suna electron-volt eV ko kuma kJ/mol kuma ana ciyar da shi a nan tube da ake yi discharge a nan da ake iya aiki a nan electron da ya fi shi a kan yanayi wanda ya kai a kan elementi na yanayi don kawo electron bata. Idan Ionisation Energy (IE) ita ce tsofi, zan iya aiki a gina cations da kyau.

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Wannan za a iya bayyana a nan Bohr model of an atom, a nan da ake nuna a nan atom da ya fi shi a kan hydrogen wanda electron da ya fi shi a kan jirgin da ya fi shi a kan nucleus da ya fi shi a kan columbic force of attraction, kuma electron da ya fi shi a nan ya fi shi a kan fixed or quantized energy levels. Abu da Bohr model electron da ya fi shi a nan ya fi shi a kan quantized da ake bayyana a nan:
A nan, Z shi ne atomic number da kuma n shi ne principal quantum number inda n shi ne integer. Don atom da ya fi shi a kan hydrogen, Ionisation energy shi ne 13.6eV.

Ionisation Energy (eV) shi ne abu da ake bayarwa a kan electron da ya fi shi a kan n = 1 (ground state ko most stable state) zuwa infinity. Saboda haka a nan da ake cewa 0 (eV) a infinity, Ionisation Energy shi za a iya rubuta a nan:Konsepin Ionisation Energy shi ne ta tabbatar da dalilin Bohr model of atom da ya fi shi a nan da electron da ya fi shi a nan ya fi shi a kan fixed or discrete energy levels or shells da ake nufin da principal quantum number 'n'. Idan electron da ya fi shi a nan ya kai a kan jirgin da ya fi shi a kan nucleus, abu da ya fi shi a kan kawo electron da ya fi shi a kan biyu ya fi shi a kan da ya fi shi, saboda electrostatic force of attraction ya fi shi, iya ce, second Ionisation Energy ya fi shi a kan da ya fi shi a kan first one.

Misali, first ionization energy da ya fi shi a kan Sodium (Na) shi ne:
Da kuma second Ionisation Energy shi ne

Saboda haka, IE2 > IE1 (eV). Wannan ya fi shi a nan idan akwai K number of ionisations, maka IE1 < IE2 < IE3……….< IEk

Metals suna da Ionisation Energy da ya fi shi a kan tsofi. Ionisation Energy da ya fi shi a kan tsofi suna da aiki a gina conductivity da ya fi shi a kan element. Misali, conductivity da ya fi shi a kan Silver (Ag, atomic number Z = 47) shi ne 6.30 × 107 s/m da kuma Ionisation Energy shi ne 7.575 eV, da kuma Copper (Cu, Z = 29) shi ne 5.76 × 107 s/m da kuma Ionisation Energy shi ne 7.726 eV. A nan conductors, Ionisation Energy da ya fi shi a kan tsofi suna da aiki a gina electrons da ya fi shi a kan positively charged lattice, don gina electron cloud.

Abubuwan Da Suke Tabbatar Da Ionisation Energy

A nan periodic table, trendin general shi ne cewa Ionisation Energy ya fi shi a kan left to right da kuma ya tsofawa a kan top to bottom. Saboda haka, abubuwan da suke tabbatar da ionization energy suna nufin a nan:

Size of the Atom: Ionisation Energy ya tsofawa a kan size of the atom saboda idan atomic radius ya fi shi, columbic force of attraction between the nucleus and outermost electron ya tsofawa da kuma vice-versa.
Shielding Effect: Presence of inner shell electrons shield or weaken columbic force of attraction between the nucleus and the valence shell electrons. Saboda haka, ionization energy ya tsofawa. Number of inner electrons means more shielding. Amma, a nan da ya fi shi a kan gold, Ionisation Energy shi ne da ya fi shi a kan silver saboda size of gold ya fi shi a kan silver. Wannan ya faru saboda weak shielding offered by the inner d and f orbitals in case of gold.
Nuclear Charge: Idan nuclear charge ya fi shi, zan iya aiki a gina ionize the atom saboda more attraction force between nucleus and electrons.
Electronic Configuration: Idan electronic configuration of the atom ya fi shi a kan stable, zan iya aiki a gina withdraw an electron saboda more Ionisation Energy.