Analiz da ƙwarewa masu aiki na kisan DC Circuit Breaker System Failures
1. Gwọọrị
Ekwu DC na-enye ọtụtụ n'okwu ebe ndị ọkachamara n'ịtụgharị ike, ma ọ bụla ịdị okere ya bụ otu n'ime ọtụtụ dị mkpa maka ịdị okere ya. Ụlọ akwụkwọ a na-ekwu maka ụzọ ịkọwa ọtụtụ ebe ndị ọkachamara n'ewu ewu DC, kọwaa anụ ọtụtụ: ịhụnanya ịkọwa, ịhụnanya ịgbakọ, ịkọwa abụọ, ma ọ bụ ịgbakọ abụọ.
2. Ụzọ Ịkọwa Ịhụnanya Ịkọwa
• Ịhụnanya Nsogbu Elektrikị
• Nsogbu ịkọwa dị ka ogebanye ma ọ bụ ịhụnanya ịkọwa ike
Nyocha ọtụtụ ụzọ ike nke nsogbu ịkọwa site na multimeter, chee ọdịnala nke fuse, ma nyocha ụzọ iji ọṅụọṅụ. Lepụta ụzọ pụrụ iche ime na-enye ọṅụọṅụ maka ihe ọjọọ, ma gbanwee ụzọ ọtụtụ n'ọṅụọṅụ.
• Ịhụnanya ụzọ ịkọwa
Chee fuse nke ụzọ ịkọwa (leputa ha site na ebe ọmụma), contactor nke ịkọwa, ma ọ bụ coils (ụzọ ọhụrụ ahụ adịghị mfe). Nyocha ọnọdụ coils nke ịkọwa site na asụsụ ọṅụọṅụ.
• Ịhụnanya ụzọ kwesịrị na switch nke ịkọwa
Kpọmkwụrị ma gbanwee ụzọ kwesịrị nke ọkachamara ịkọwa ọkachamara maka ịkọwa; chee ọdịnala nke ụzọ kwesịrị nke ọkachamara ma leputa ụzọ pụrụ iche ime na-enye ọṅụọṅụ.
2.2 Ịhụnanya Nsogbu Mekanikị
• Ịhụnanya ụzọ mekanikị
Chee ọdịnala nke linkage, gbanwee ma enwere anya ụzọ pụrụ iche ime na-enye ọṅụọṅụ; kpọmkwụrị ụzọ mekanikị ịkọwa maka ịkọwa.
• Core nke ịkọwa agbawo
Gbanwee na chee electromagnet nke ịkọwa, lọ ụzọ pụrụ iche ime na-enye ọṅụọṅụ, chee ụzọ ọhụrụ ahụ adịghị mfe, ma kpọmkwụrị ọṅụọṅụ core maka ịkọwa.
• Ịhụnanya reset ma ọ bụ ụzọ energy storage
Nchọpụta ụzọ ịkọwa maka ịkọwa; chee ụzọ spring energy storage, ma ọ bụ motor nke energy storage ma ụzọ gear transmission.
• Adjustment nke ụzọ latch
Kpọmkwụrị ụzọ trip latch hook na four-link mechanism maka ịkọwa; nyocha ọnọdụ ụzọ ịkọwa maka ịkọwa.
3. Ụzọ Ịkọwa Ịhụnanya Ịgbakọ Ọkachamara
3.1 Ụzọ Emergengị
• Emergengị ịkọwa ụzọ upstream
Lepụta ụzọ ike maka ụzọ faulty unit maka ịkọwa ọkachamara; chee ọdịnala nke ụzọ protection ma ọ bụ ụzọ fault recordings.
• Operation nke system recovery
Lepụta ụzọ ọkachamara nke faulty, ma ọ bụ restore ụzọ ike upstream; nchọpụta ụzọ ike step by step maka ụzọ branch circuit breakers maka ịkọwa, isolate ụzọ, ma ọ bụ restore system.
3.2 Ụzọ Maintenance In-depth
• Testing comprehensive nke ụzọ trip
Nyocha ụzọ resistance ma ọ bụ insulation resistance nke ụzọ trip coil; chee ọdịnala nke relays, contacts, ma ọ bụ wiring nke ụzọ trip.
• Calibration nke ụzọ protection device
Test ụzọ characteristics nke ụzọ protection relays, calibrate settings, ma ọ bụ verify ụzọ polarity ma ọ bụ connection correctness nke CT/PT circuits.
4. Ụzọ Ịkọwa Ịhụnanya Ịkọwa Abụọ Ọkachamara
4.1 Ịhụnanya Electrical Causes
• Improving secondary ụzọ insulation
Nyocha ụzọ insulation nke ụzọ DC site na megohmmeter nke 1000V, locate ma ịhụnanya ụzọ grounding fault points; enhance waterproofing measures nke cable trenches.
• Protection device anti-interference modifications
Chee ọdịnala nke ụzọ protection device grounding, add filtering devices; review ụzọ rationality nke settings.
4.2 Ịhụnanya Mechanical Causes
• Seal maintenance nke ụzọ hydraulic mechanisms
Lepụta seals nke first-stage trip valve ma ọ bụ check valve; test ụzọ cleanliness nke ụzọ hydraulic oil; adjust ụzọ oil pressure alarm settings.
• Mechanical retention performance testing
Test ụzọ reliability nke ụzọ closing retention mechanism, including ụzọ mechanical strength nke ụzọ support ma ọ bụ latch.
5. Ụzọ Ịkọwa Ịhụnanya Ịkọwa Abụọ Ọkachamara
• DC system insulation monitoring
Install ụzọ DC system insulation monitoring devices maka ịkọwa continuous ma ọ bụ alert maka ịhụnanya ụzọ insulation.
• Reclosing device calibration
Test ụzọ operating voltage ma ọ bụ return value nke ụzọ automatic reclosing relay contacts maka ịkọwa maloperation.
• Standardization nke ụzọ closing contactors
Lepụta contactors nke coils nwere ụzọ resistance requirements; ensure ụzọ operating voltage bụ within 30%–65% nke ụzọ rated value.
• Anti-maloperation improvements nke ụzọ spring mechanisms
Add ụzọ mechanical anti-vibration devices maka ịkọwa ụzọ latch reliability; conduct ụzọ regular vibration tests.
6. Preventive Maintenance Recommendations
Establish ụzọ regular maintenance system, including:
• Semi-annual inspection nke ụzọ operational mechanism flexibility
• Annual calibration nke ụzọ protection device settings
• Periodic testing nke ụzọ DC system insulation
• Maintaining ụzọ fault records maka ịkọwa trend analysis
7. Conclusion
DC ọkachamara failures require ụzọ comprehensive electrical ma ọ bụ mechanical analysis ma ọ bụ handling. Through ụzọ systematic testing methods, standardized maintenance procedures, ma ọ bụ regular maintenance systems, ụzọ operational reliability nke ọkachamara bụrụrụ ịkọwa, ensuring ụzọ stable operation nke ụzọ power system.
Note: All maintenance operations must strictly adhere to safety regulations, including isolation, voltage verification, and grounding measures.
