Akwụkwọ Nri-ọnụ Na Nri-ekpere Etiti Site Fuzzy-PID Control maka Ihe Nrite Onye Ịkwalite Akụ na MPPT

Anci​

Na proposal yana nuna aiki mai tattalin kasa na gida da zafi a cikin teknologi mai kontrol mai zurfi, da yake maimaita masu aiki da al'amuran mutane da ke juyin wurare da ma'aikata masu sauki. Kafin aikinsa yana cikin sistema mai kontrol mai zurfi da take a kan ATmega16 microprocessor. Wannan sistema yana yi Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) don kasa da zafi, da kuma amfani da alhakin da ya haɗa PID da fuzzy control don iya shirya da al'adu tsari ga battery. Saboda haka, yana ƙara tsari ta aiki mai tattalin kasa, yana fiye tsari battery, da kuma yana daidai inganci da kusa da aiki.

​I. Bayanan Aiki da Ma'anarsa​

1. ​Bayanan Energy:​​ Duka duniya, abubuwa mai tattalin kasa na gargajiya suna fiye, wanda yake ba da dalilin magana da al'amuran energy da sustainable development. Yadda ake bukatar da yawa da amfani da abubuwan energy mai zurfi da mai gida kamar kasa da zafi an buga cewa yana zama muhimmanci a matsayin bayanin da za su lada tunanin al'amuran energy da yanayin yanzu.
2. ​Ma'anar Sistema:​​ Sistema mai tattalin kasa na gida da zafi tana da yawa da amfani da kyaukyautar kasa da zafi a lokacin da yawan rana da wurare (misali, zafi mai karfi a ranar, kasa mai karfi a ranar). Wannan yana daidai inganci da kusa da aiki mai tattalin kasa daga sashen tsohon mutum, kuma yana daidai inganci da kusa da aiki masu aiki kamar yanayi, base stations, da kuma meteorological monitoring stations a wurare da ba suka samun aiki ko kuma a wurare da aiki mai girma.
3. ​Ma'anar Komoponenta Masu Muhimmi:​​ Battery, wanda yake da shiga aikinsa da ita a kan aiki mai tattalin kasa, yana da muhimmanci don inganci da kusa da aiki ga mutum a lokacin da ba a kuwa kasa ko zafi. Tsarin ta yana da muhimmanci a cikin jerin aiki mai tattalin kasa. Saboda haka, yadda ake bukatar da yawa da amfani da battery da kuma yadda ake bukatar da yawa da amfani da al'adu tsari ga battery don in fiye tsari, yana daidai inganci da kusa da aiki da kuma yana daidai inganci da kusa da aiki.

​II. Tasirin Daɗi Sistema​

1. ​Muhimman Mabudda Sistema:​​
• ​Optimization of Energy Capture:​​ Yi kontrol mai zurfi don in samun tsari mai yawa a kan electricity da aka fara da wind turbine da photovoltaic panels, da kuma in samun Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) don in amfani da natural resources da yawa.
• ​Management of Energy Storage System:​​ Yi amfani da battery charging and discharging process da yawa, da kuma in bude overcharging da over-discharging, da kuma in daidai inganci da kusa da battery, da kuma in ƙara tsari battery da kusa.
2. ​Tasirin Hardware na Sistema:​​

Sistema tana da uku wa mafi girma a cikin tasirin, da ATmega16 microprocessor mai kontrol mai zurfi don in samun aiki mai yawa.

​III. Core Control Technology: Intelligent Battery Management​

1. ​Battery Selection and Basics:​​
• ​Type:​​ This solution selects maintenance-free lead-acid batteries, which are technologically mature and low-cost, suitable for small-scale wind-solar hybrid systems.
• ​Working Principle:​​ Battery charging and discharging are essentially processes of converting electrical energy to chemical energy and vice versa. However, due to phenomena like electrode polarization, the energy conversion efficiency cannot reach 100%.
2. ​Control Challenges and Optimization Strategy:​​
• ​Drawbacks of Traditional Control:​​ Classic PID control methods heavily rely on an accurate mathematical model of the controlled object (the battery). The battery is a nonlinear, time-varying system whose parameters (internal resistance, electrolyte density, etc.) change dynamically with environmental temperature and usage state, making it difficult to establish a precise model. This leads to challenges in tuning traditional PID parameters, poor adaptability, and suboptimal control performance.
• ​Adopted Advanced Control Method:​​ This solution employs a Fuzzy-PID composite control strategy, combining the advantages of both:
• ​Advantage of Fuzzy Control:​​ Does not require an exact mathematical model of the controlled object, can handle imprecise input information, exhibits strong adaptability to changes in battery parameters, and can incorporate expert knowledge.
• ​Advantage of PID Control:​​ Can achieve high-precision, zero steady-state error control when the system deviation is small.
• ​Controller Workflow:​​ The system continuously monitors the difference e(t) between the battery's set voltage and its actual voltage. When the deviation e(t) is large, fuzzy control dominates for a rapid response. When e(t) decreases within a certain range, it smoothly switches to PID control for fine-tuning. Ultimately, the output signal u(t) is adjusted to control the MOSFET's duty cycle, achieving dynamic optimization of the charging current.

​IV. Solution Summary and Prospects​

• ​Control Effectiveness:​​ The wind-solar hybrid power generation control system designed in this solution successfully achieves optimal battery charge/discharge management through the complementary intelligent Fuzzy-PID control algorithm. This not only effectively protects the battery and extends its service life but also enhances the capture efficiency of wind and solar energy via MPPT, thereby improving the comprehensive efficiency of the entire power generation system.
• ​Experimental Verification:​​ Experimental results show that the controller is correctly and feasibly designed, operates safely and reliably, and exhibits good dynamic response performance and steady-state accuracy.
• ​Application Prospects:​​ This integrated wind-solar hybrid power generation solution with intelligent battery management technology is particularly suitable for scenarios such as remote areas without grid coverage, islands, pastures, and communication base stations. It offers significant economic and social benefits and has broad application prospects.