Isa ka Intelligent Wind-Solar Hybrid System nga may Fuzzy-PID Control para sa Enhanced Battery Management ug MPPT

Abstract

Ang proyekto kini nagpakita og sistema sa pag-generate og kapang-osob nga gipangasiwaan pinaagi sa teknolohiya sa advanced control, ang katuyoan mao ang efektibong ug ekonomikal nga pag-ahon sa panginahanglan sa kapang-osob sa mga remote areas ug espesyal nga application scenarios. Ang core sa sistema naka-center sa usa ka intelligent control system nga gipangasiwaan pinaagi sa ATmega16 microprocessor. Ang sistema kini nagperforma og Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) para sa parehas wind ug solar energy, ug gigamit usab og optimized algorithm nga nagcombine sa PID ug fuzzy control aron mas precise ug efficient ang management sa charging/discharging sa key component – ang battery. Kini nagpadako sa overall power generation efficiency, nagpadayon sa lifespan sa battery, ug nagensure sa reliability ug cost-effectiveness sa power supply.

I. Background ug Significance sa Proyekto

1. Enerhiya Context: Global, ang tradisyonal nga fossil fuels kasagaran na gi-deplete, nagresulta sa severe nga challenges sa energy security ug sustainable development. Ang pagdevelop ug paggamit sa clean, renewable nga bag-ong enerhiya sama sa wind ug solar power naging strategic priority aron mapasabot ang kasamtangan nga energy ug environmental issues.
2. Halaga sa Sistema: Ang wind-solar hybrid system full nga nagamit ang natural nga complementary characteristics sa wind ug solar energy sa aspeto sa timing ug geography (e.g., strong sunlight during the day, potentially stronger winds at night), overcoming the intermittency of single-source power generation. Kini usa ka structurally rational, low-operating-cost independent power supply solution, effectively solving the energy supply problems for facilities such as residential living, communication base stations, and meteorological monitoring stations in un-electrified or weakly electrified remote areas.
3. Importance of Core Components: Ang battery, serving as the system's energy storage unit, is crucial for ensuring continuous power supply to the load during periods without wind or sunlight. Its cost constitutes a significant portion of the entire power generation system. Therefore, improving battery charging efficiency and optimizing its charge/discharge strategies to extend its service life are vital for reducing the system's lifecycle cost and enhancing operational reliability.

II. Overall System Design

1. System Core Objectives:
• Energy Capture Optimization: Perform optimal control for maximum efficiency on the electricity generated by the wind turbine and photovoltaic panels, achieving Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) to fully utilize natural resources.
• Energy Storage System Management: Intelligently manage the battery charging and discharging process, preventing overcharging and over-discharging, effectively protecting the battery, and significantly improving its charging efficiency and service life.
2. System Hardware Architecture:

The system consists of three main functional modules, coordinated by a central control CPU to form a complete intelligent control system.

III. Core Control Technology: Intelligent Battery Management

1. Battery Selection and Basics:
• Type: This solution selects maintenance-free lead-acid batteries, which are technologically mature and low-cost, suitable for small-scale wind-solar hybrid systems.
• Working Principle: Battery charging and discharging are essentially processes of converting electrical energy to chemical energy and vice versa. However, due to phenomena like electrode polarization, the energy conversion efficiency cannot reach 100%.
2. Control Challenges and Optimization Strategy:
• Drawbacks of Traditional Control: Classic PID control methods heavily rely on an accurate mathematical model of the controlled object (the battery). The battery is a nonlinear, time-varying system whose parameters (internal resistance, electrolyte density, etc.) change dynamically with environmental temperature and usage state, making it difficult to establish a precise model. This leads to challenges in tuning traditional PID parameters, poor adaptability, and suboptimal control performance.
• Adopted Advanced Control Method: This solution employs a Fuzzy-PID composite control strategy, combining the advantages of both:
• Advantage of Fuzzy Control: Does not require an exact mathematical model of the controlled object, can handle imprecise input information, exhibits strong adaptability to changes in battery parameters, and can incorporate expert knowledge.
• Advantage of PID Control: Can achieve high-precision, zero steady-state error control when the system deviation is small.
• Controller Workflow: The system continuously monitors the difference e(t) between the battery's set voltage and its actual voltage. When the deviation e(t) is large, fuzzy control dominates for a rapid response. When e(t) decreases within a certain range, it smoothly switches to PID control for fine-tuning. Ultimately, the output signal u(t) is adjusted to control the MOSFET's duty cycle, achieving dynamic optimization of the charging current.

IV. Solution Summary and Prospects

• Control Effectiveness: The wind-solar hybrid power generation control system designed in this solution successfully achieves optimal battery charge/discharge management through the complementary intelligent Fuzzy-PID control algorithm. This not only effectively protects the battery and extends its service life but also enhances the capture efficiency of wind and solar energy via MPPT, thereby improving the comprehensive efficiency of the entire power generation system.
• Experimental Verification: Experimental results show that the controller is correctly and feasibly designed, operates safely and reliably, and exhibits good dynamic response performance and steady-state accuracy.
• Application Prospects: This integrated wind-solar hybrid power generation solution with intelligent battery management technology is particularly suitable for scenarios such as remote areas without grid coverage, islands, pastures, and communication base stations. It offers significant economic and social benefits and has broad application prospects.