Sistema nga Optimisado sa Hybrid Wind-Solar Power: Komprehensibong Solusyon sa Disenyo para sa mga Aplikasyon sa Off-Grid

1. Introduksyon ug Background​

​1.1 mga Hamon sa Single-Source Power Generation Systems​

Ang tradisyonal nga standalone photovoltaic (PV) o wind power generation systems adunay inherent nga drawbacks. Ang PV power generation maapektuhan sa diurnal cycles ug kondisyon sa panahon, samtang ang wind power generation gipasabot sa unstable nga wind resources, resulta sa significant nga pagkakaiba sa output sa power. Aron masiguro ang continuous nga suplay sa power, importante ang large-capacity battery banks para sa energy storage ug balance. Apan, ang mga battery nga naghahatag og frequent charge-discharge cycles mahimong magdumala sa estado nga undercharge sukad pa sa matag luwas nga kondisyon sa operasyon, resulta sa practical nga serbisyo nga kaayo labi gamay kaysa sa theoretical value. Mas critical pa, ang mataas nga cost sa mga battery nagsulti nga ang total lifecycle cost mahimong mobati o mobaton pa sa cost sa mga PV modules o wind turbines mismo. Kini nga rason, ang pagpadayon sa battery life ug pagbawas sa sistema nga costs naging ang core nga hamon sa pag-optimize sa standalone power systems.

​1.2 Significant nga Advantages sa Hybrid Wind-Solar Power Generation​

Ang hybrid wind-solar power generation technology efektibo nga nahatagan sa intermittency sa single nga energy sources pinaagi sa organic nga pag-combine sa PV ug wind power, duha ka renewable energy sources. Ang wind ug solar energy nagpakita og natural nga complementarity sa oras (day/night, seasons): strong nga sunlight sa adlaw kasinabi sa potensyal nga mas strong nga hangin sa gabii; maayo nga solar irradiation sa summer mao ang makaparehas sa ample nga wind resources sa winter. Kini nga complementarity mahimo:

• Significant nga extension sa effective charging time sa batteries, pagbawas sa oras nga gisugdan sa undercharged state, resulta sa substantial nga pagpadayon sa battery service life.
• Pagbawas sa required battery capacity. Tungod kay ang probability nga parehas ang wind ug solar wala sa una samantalayon gamay, ang sistema mahimo nga direct nga power ang load, agad ang paggamit sa smaller capacity battery bank.
• Domestic ug international studies konfirmahan nga ang hybrid wind-solar systems gibotbotan ang single-source power generation systems sa power supply reliability ug lifecycle cost-effectiveness.

​1.3 Shortcomings sa Existing Design Methods ug ang Proposed Solution​

Ang kasamtangan nga sistema sa design naghatag og hamon. Ang professional simulation software gikan sa abroad grabe ang cost, ug ang iyang core models madalas confidential, nagpadayon sa widespread adoption. Samtang, ang daghang simplified design methods dili sapat—mao sila nag-dependence sa meteorological averages ignorante sa detalye, o sila nagamit sa linear simplified models resulta sa limited nga accuracy ug poor applicability.

Kini nga solusyon naghangyo sa pagproposar og set nga accurate ug practical nga computer-aided design methodologies aron mapugos ang uban pang issues.

​II. Sistema Composition ug Core Technical Models​

​2.1 System Architecture​

Ang hybrid wind-solar power generation system nga gidesign niining solusyon usa ka completely standalone off-grid system, walay backup power sources sama sa diesel generators. Ang core components include:

• ​Power Generation Unit:​​ Wind turbine generators, PV array.
• ​Energy Storage ug Management Unit:​​ Battery bank, charge controller (para sa management sa charging ug discharging).
• ​Protection ug Conversion Unit:​​ Diversion load (prevents battery overcharge, protects inverter), inverter (converts DC to AC aron mapasabot sa most load requirements).
• ​Power Consumption Unit:​​ Load.

​2.2 Accurate Power Generation Calculation Models​

Aron makapugos sa optimized design, natubagon nami ang accurate hourly power generation calculation models.

• ​PV Array Model:​​
1. ​Solar Radiation Transposition:​​ Nagamit og advanced anisotropic sky diffuse model aron accurate transpose horizontal solar radiation data measured by weather stations sa irradiance incident sa tilted surface sa PV modules, comprehensively considering direct beam radiation, sky diffuse radiation, ug ground-reflected radiation.
2. ​Module Characteristic Simulation:​​ Nagamit og precise physical model aron characterize ang nonlinear output characteristics sa PV modules, fully accounting for the effects of irradiance ug ambient temperature sa module output voltage ug current, ensuring the accuracy of power generation calculations.
• ​Wind Turbine Model:​​
1. ​Wind Speed Correction:​​ Corrects the reference height wind speed from meteorological data sa actual hub height wind speed based on the exponential law governing wind speed variation with height.
2. ​Power Curve Fitting:​​ Nagamit og segmented function (different binomial equations for different wind speed intervals) aron high-precision fitting sa turbine's actual power output curve, enabling accurate hourly energy calculation based on wind speed data.

​2.3 Battery Dynamic Characteristic Model​

Ang battery ang core energy storage component, na may dynamically changing states. Ang modelo primary focused on:

• ​State of Charge (SOC) Calculation:​​ Dynamically simulates the battery's charge and discharge processes based on the relationship between power generation and load consumption at each time step, accurately calculating the remaining capacity, while considering practical factors like self-discharge rate, charging efficiency, and inverter efficiency.
• ​Charge-Discharge Management:​​ To extend battery life, a reasonable SOC operating range is defined (e.g., limiting the maximum depth of discharge to 50%), and a model correlating float charge voltage with SOC and ambient temperature is established to accurately determine charging conditions.

​III. System Optimization ug Sizing Methodology​

​3.1 Power Supply Reliability Indicators​

Ang design prioritizes meeting the user's specified power supply reliability requirements. Key indicators include:

• ​Loss of Power Supply Probability (LPSP):​​ The ratio of system outage time to the total evaluation time, intuitively reflecting supply continuity.
• ​Loss of Load Probability (LLP):​​ The ratio of the load power demand not met by the system to the total demand. This is the most critical core indicator for system optimization design.

​3.2 Step-by-Step Optimization Design Process​

This solution adopts a systematic optimization process, aiming to minimize the initial investment cost of equipment to find the optimal configuration.

1. ​Step 1: Optimize PV and Battery Configuration for a Fixed Wind Turbine Capacity​
• ​Core Task:​​ Under the condition that the wind turbine model and quantity are fixed, find the combination of PV module and battery capacities that meets the predetermined reliability indicator (LPSP) and results in the lowest total equipment cost.
• ​Implementation Method:​​ Through simulation calculations, plot the "balance curve" representing all PV and battery configurations that meet the reliability requirement. Then, using the cost tangent method or computer program screening based on equipment unit prices, determine the unique optimal combination with the lowest cost.
2. ​Step 2: Global Optimization by Varying Wind Turbine Capacity​
• ​Core Task:​​ Change the wind turbine capacity or number, repeat the optimization process of Step 1, and obtain a series of optimal configurations and their corresponding costs for different wind turbine capacities.
• ​Final Decision:​​ Compare the total costs of all candidate solutions and select the wind-PV-battery combination with the globally lowest cost as the final optimized system configuration.

​3.3 System Performance Simulation and Output​

After determining the optimal configuration, the system's annual operation can be simulated hour-by-hour, generating detailed reports including:

• ​Time Dimension:​​ Hourly battery state of charge, system energy balance.
• ​Statistical Dimension:​​ Daily/monthly/annual unmet load energy, reliability indicators (LPSP, LLP), wind/solar power generation share, energy surplus and deficit situations, etc.

​IV. Conclusion​

The optimized design method for hybrid wind-solar power generation systems proposed in this solution, based on comprehensive mathematical models and precise local meteorological data, can uniquely determine the system configuration with the minimum initial equipment investment cost while satisfying specific user electricity demands and power supply reliability requirements. This method effectively addresses the shortcomings of single-source power generation systems, overcomes the limitations of existing design approaches, and provides a powerful tool for the scientific, efficient, and economical design of hybrid wind-solar power generation systems, holding significant value for engineering applications.