Disiector Circuitus Protector Motoris vel MPCB

Circuit breakers pro motoribus sunt genus speciale dispositivi protectionis electricae quod specialiter pro motoribus electricis designatur, ut nomen indicat. Motrices electrici multas applicationes habent et ad movendum omnis generis machinas mechanicas utuntur, ideoque est valde importante eos adequate protegere cum MPCBs. Sequentes sunt pauci exempla apparatorum motus electrico in aedificiis commercialibus et industrialibus:

• Aeratores tecti, frigefactores, compressores, pompae caloris et turres refrigerationis.

• Ventilatores extractionis et injectionis, sicut etiam unitates tractus aeris.

• Systemata pompae aquae.

• Elevatoria et alia dispositiva levandi.

• Conveyor belts industriales et alia machinamenta in processibus manufacturae usitata.

In omnibus his applicationibus industrialibus et commercialibus motorum electricorum, MPCB habet clavem muneris protectionis electricae praebendi.

Quid est Circuit Breaker Pro Motoribus et quae sunt eius Functiones?

Circuit breaker pro motoribus, vel MPCB, est dispositivum electromechanicum speciale quod cum circuitibus motorum utriusque 60 Hz et 50 Hz uti potest. Habet plures functiones quae ei permittunt praebere alimentum electricum tutum pro motoribus:

• Protection contra defectus electricos sicut short circuits, line-to-ground defects et line-to-line defects. MPCB potest interrompere omne defectum electricum quod infra suam capacitatem rumpendi est.

• Protections contra overloads motorum, quando motor electricum currentem electricum supra valorem nominalem suum pro tempore longiore trahit. Overload protection est normaliter adjustable in MPCBs.

• Protection contra unbalances phasium et phase loss. Utrumque conditio potest graviter damnum facere motori triphasico, ideo MPCB disjungit motorem in utroque casu statim postquam defectus detectus est.

• Thermal delay ad prohibendum motorem ab immediate reactivando post overload, dandum motori tempus ad reficiendum. Motor supercalidus permanenti damno obnoxius est si iterum activatus est.

• Switching Circuits Motorum – MPCBs normaliter aequipantur cum bottonibus aut dialibus ad hoc scopum.

• Signaling Defectus – Plurimi modelli circuit breakers pro motoribus habent LED display quod illuminatur quotiens MPCB interruptus est. Hoc est indicatio visualis pro personale proximo quod defectus factus est et motor electricus non iterum connectendus est nisi defectus curatus est.

• Reconnection Automatica – Quaedam MPCB permittere temporis cool down input in casu overload, post quem motor automaticiter reactivabitur.
  Motrices electrici sunt instrumenta costosa, ideo munus circuit breakers pro motoribus valde importante est. Si motor non recte protegitur, oportet reparaciones costosas facere vel instrumentum penitus substituere. Motor qui adequate protegitur cum MPCB multo longiorem vitam servit.

Principium Operativum Circuit Breaker Pro Motoribus

Circuit breaker pro motoribus considerari potest subtypus thermal magnetic circuit breaker, sed cum functionibus additis specialiter designatis ad protectendum motrices electricos. Principium operativum basicum simile est omnibus aliis circuit breakers.

• Protectio thermalis ad defendendum motorem electricum contra overloads utitur. Fundatur in contactu expandendo et contrahendo qui disjungit motorem si currentis excessiva detecta est. Valde importante est scire quod protectio thermalis responsionem delayed habet, ad permittem inrush currents altas quando motor incipit. Si tamen motor ex aliqua causa non incipit, protectio thermalis tripit in responsione ad inrush current extended.

• Protectio magnetica utitur quando short circuit, line defect, aut alia alta currentis defectus electricus occurrit. Diversum a protectione thermali, protectio magnetica est instantanea; ad immediate disconnecting periculosos defectus currentis.

• Differens principale inter MPCB et alios circuit breakers est quod MPCB potest protectionem contra unbalance phasium et phase loss praebere. Motrices triphasicos requirunt tres conductores vivos cum voltage aequilibris ut efficaciter operentur. Unbalance plus quam 2% detrimentum faciet vitae motoris. Si una voltagerum phasium subito amittitur, effectus est etiam magis damnosus quia motor continuabit operari cum duabus tantum phasis. Circuit breaker pro motoribus potest haec conditiones detegere per mensuram differentiarum inter phasium voltages, et disjungit motorem statim ubi occurrunt. Importante notare quod unbalance currentis phasium normalis est in systematis triphasici quae singulas onera monophasicas alimentant, sed inadmissibilis est quando circuitus triphasicus motorem electricum alimentat.

• MPCBs etiam aequipantur cum mechanismo interruptionis manuali, permittente disjunctionem motorum electricorum pro substitutione aut maintenance.

• Circuit breakers pro motoribus variis ratingibus currentis disponuntur, et una eorum optimarum characteristicarum est quod multi modelli permittere adjustment ratingus currentis. Hoc significat quod idem MCPB configurari potest ad protegendum motrices diversarum capacitarum.

Protectio Motoris Asynchroni

Plurimi motrices in industria usitati sunt motrices asynchroni, etiam cogniti ut induction motors squirrel-cage. Hi motrices utuntur alimentatione triphasica ad creandum rotatum magneticum campum, qui porro rotor magnetizat et creat motum rotationis. Quando designatur protectio electrica pro motore asynchrono et selectantur circuit breakers pro motoribus, sunt quaedam factori valde importanti quos considerare oportet qui non adsunt quando alii types circuitorum electricorum protegiuntur.

• Motrices asynchroni trahunt currentem inrush altissimum durante startup, quia debent stabilire rotatum magneticum campum. Hic current potest valores 500% ad 800% rated value attingere pro paucis fractionibus secundorum. Propter hanc rationem, MPCB magnetic protection trips at values maioribus quam 10 times rated current, unlike some types of miniature circuit breakers which trip at values as low as 3 times rated current. In his casibus, using a circuit breaker other than an MPCB will not even allow starting the motor before the magnetic protection trips. To reduce the inrush current, a very common practice is to complement the motor protection circuit breaker with a reduced voltage motor starter.

• Motrices asynchroni requirunt tres phase conductors aequilibris voltage ut operentur bene. Si phase conductors have an unbalance greater than 2%, the motor will suffer damage over time and will have a reduced service life. The electric motor will also tend to overheat, causing additional energy expenses as waste heat. For this reason, a motor circuit breaker must be able to detect phase imbalance and disconnect the motor accordingly.

• If one of the phases is disconnected completely, the motor will keep operating but the current in the remaining two phases will rise above the rated value due to the electrical unbalance, and will probably burn the motor’s windings. For this reason, motor protectors must trip immediately as soon as phase unbalance or phase loss is detected. This is normally achieved by measuring the differences in current among the phase conductors. If one of the phase currents rises or drops considerably compared with the other two, it is indicative of unbalance. Likewise, if one of the phase currents drops to zero while the other two remain, a phase loss has occurred.

Tunc, quae species circuit breakers possunt uti pro protectione motorum asynchronorum? Manufacturers generally offer three different motor protection circuit breakers, available for a wide range of voltages and currents, in order to meet most asynchronous motor protection needs.
It is very common to complement motor protection circuit breakers with a contactor to allow automatic control of motor startup and disconnection. The system might also include and under-voltage protection device, which disconnects the motor in case the system voltage drops considerably below the rated value.

Sizing Circuit Breaker Pro Motoribus (Guide Selectio)

Duos factores principales qui determinant magnitudem adequatam circuit breaker pro motoribus sunt rated voltage et rated current ipsius motoris.

• Ratingus voltage MPCB debet convenire rated voltage motoris. Normaliter, circuit breakers pro motoribus uti possunt in varietate latissima ratinguum voltage sicut 230 V, 380 V, 415 V, 440 V, 500 V, et 660 V AC.

• Postquam voltage notum est, oportet inspicere rated current motoris electrici. Notabile est quod actualis currentus operationis potest minor esse quam rated current, praesertim si motor non plene oneratus est. Tamen, MPCB semper secundum rated current value selectari debet ut inrush current permitteret quando motor incipit. Exempli gratia, motor cum rated current of 20 amperes might draw a much lower current during part-load operation, but the MPCB must be selected according to the rated value of 20 amperes, or it might trip if the motor is used at full load.

• Circuit breakers pro motoribus can then be calibrated to the exact current value that is adequate for the electric motor being protected. They typically have an adjustment range. For example, a MPCB rated at 32 amperes might be usable for motors with rated currents as low as 22 amperes. This is very useful if an electric motor is replaced with a more efficient model that requires a lower current, since it will not be necessary to replace the motor breaker.

• Even if a motor protection circuit breaker is sized correctly according to the electric motor being protected, it is also important to use adequate wiring. In order to provide adequate protection, the wire must be able to conduct the rated current safely. An undersized wire will overheat, the insulation will melt, and electric faults may occur even with a breaker installed.

Chart Specificationis Circuit Breaker Pro Motoribus

MPCB manufacturers typically provide charts where the technical specifications of the circuit breaker are presented, in order to simplify the selection process. The following chart, provided as an example, is for the motor circuit breaker SGV2-ME model manufactured by CGSL.

The current values at which the thermal and magnetic protections operate are displayed in the thermal release and magnetic release columns. Before installing a MPCB, it is very important to verify that voltage and current ratings are compatible with the motor being protected.

Conclusiones Circuit Breaker Pro Motoribus

Circuit breakers pro motoribus habent munerem valde importantem in electrica securitate, quoniam motrices quos protegunt multas applicationes in aedificiis commercialibus et industria habent.
Motrices asynchroni, communissimus typus motoris electrici in contextibus industrialibus et commercialibus, habent requirementa protectionis specialia quae soli circuit breakers pro motoribus satisfieri possunt. Etiam possibile est complementare MPCB cum aliis dispositivis protectionis aut automationis sicut under-voltage protection, timers, et reduced voltage motor starters.
Adequate selectio MPCB clavis est ad providendum fidum motor protection. MPCB undersized non permittebit motor incipere, dum MPCB oversized potest non posse detectare conditions over-current pro motore electrico protegendo.

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