Kadaddan kable mai hanyar da ke gaba da shekaru metalƙi

I. Funtsofin Kafin Kaya da Abubuwan Da Dukar Da Ake Baka

Kafin kaya na kabiyar da mutum da juna shi a waje na kafin kaya, tana da nau'ukan da dama kamar kafin kaya na rauni, kafin kaya na aluminum, da kafin kaya na harshe na kaya. Funtsofin mafi yawan da suka shiga sun haɗa da inganci (da gaba da fadada ƙarin da kuma ƙaramin zuba), daidaito da kimiyya (da gaba da abubuwa masu ruwa da kuma abubuwan da ke faruwa a tsakiyar), da kuma daidaito da maye (da gaba da kudanar da mayen da ke faruwa a cikin yankin), da kuma bayyana lokacin da yaɗu (da gaba da yakin da yaɗu da shiga mai zurfi). Idan an baka, kafin kaya na iya bukata rube da kafin kaya, da kuma kawo daidai da kimiyya, ko kuma karshen da ba a tabbas ba kamar kafin kaya ta yi waɗannan. Saboda haka, dukar da ake baka da ma'ana ga wurare da dama ita ce mai muhimmanci don in ba da amfani da systemin kafin kaya da yawa da kalmomin.

II. Tabbatar da Damuwa da Kula da Gargajiya Ta Hanyar Dukar

(A) Inganta Wurare Da Dama

• Inganci: Ana sani da kudanar da kafin kaya, da kuma karamin zuba, ko kuma kudanar da kafin kaya, kowane ana samu saboda inganci a lokacin da ake fitar da kafin kaya, ko kuma kudanar da kafin kaya saboda inganci na zaman lafiya.

• Daidaito da kimiyya: Mayen da ke faruwa a tsakiyar ko kuma abubuwan da ke faruwa a tsakiyar na kimiyya suna iya kudanar da kafin kaya, ana sani da kudanar da kafin kaya, da kuma kudanar da kafin kaya, da kuma abubuwan da ke faruwa a kafin kaya (kafin kaya na aluminum) ko kuma kudanar da kafin kaya (kafin kaya na rauni).

• Bukatar da kafin kaya: Amfani da kafin kaya da yawa suna iya kudanar da kafin kaya, da kuma kudanar da kafin kaya, kowane ana samu saboda amfani da kafin kaya da yawa a lokutun da ba da damar da kafin kaya, ko kuma kudanar da kafin kaya a lokutun da ba da damar da kafin kaya.

(B) Amfani da Tattalin Tabbatar da Damuwa

• Tattalin nuna: Amfani da endoskop ko kamera mai sauti don nuna kafin kaya, koyar da kudanar da kafin kaya, da kuma kudanar da kafin kaya.

• Testin daidaito da kafin kaya: Amfani da maye daidaito (10 kV daɗin ɗakika ɗaya) don testin daidaito da kafin kaya. Idan an sani daidaito da kafin kaya (>10 μA) yana nuna kudanar da kafin kaya.

• Tattalin daidaito na kafin kaya: Amfani da sensorin daidaito na kafin kaya (HFCT) don kula daidaito na kafin kaya, da koyar da kudanar da kafin kaya, da kuma kudanar da kafin kaya.

• Tattalin daidaito da kimiyya: Amfani da sampolin tsakiyar don testin pH, konsentrashin daidaito da kimiyya, da kuma kudanar da kafin kaya, don bayyana abubuwan da ke faruwa a tsakiyar.

III. Zabbar Abubuwan da Matakin Don Dukar

(A) Abubuwan Da Muhimmanci Don Dukar

• Abubuwan da ake amfani da su don kafin kaya:

• Sleeve mai dukar da aluminum: Yana da muhimmanci don dukar da kafin kaya na aluminum, da kudanar da kafin kaya, da kuma kudanar da kafin kaya. Yana da kyau da kafin kaya na aluminum (tolerance ≤ ±0.5 mm).

• Tape mai dukar da lead-tin: Yana da muhimmanci don dukar da kafin kaya na rauni, da kudanar da kafin kaya, da kuma kudanar da kafin kaya. Yana da kyau da kafin kaya na rauni (lead content ≥ 99.9%).

• Tube mai dukar da stainless steel: Yana da muhimmanci don dukar da kafin kaya na harshe na kaya, da kudanar da kafin kaya, da kuma kudanar da kafin kaya. Yana da kyau da kafin kaya na harshe na kaya (wall thickness ≥ 0.8 mm).

• Abubuwan da ake amfani da su don daidaito da kafin kaya:

• Cross-Linked Polyethylene (XLPE) Heat-Shrink Tubing: Yana da kyau da kafin kaya (shrink ratio ≥ 2:1, breakdown strength ≥ 25 kV/mm), yana da muhimmanci don daidaito da kafin kaya (hot-melt adhesive for sealing).

• Silicone Rubber Cold-Shrink Tubing: Yana da kyau da kafin kaya (Shore hardness 60 ± 5 Shore A, tanδ ≤ 0.003 (20°C, 50 Hz)), yana da muhimmanci don daidaito da kafin kaya (no heating required).

• Butyl Rubber Sealing Tape: Yana da muhimmanci don daidaito da kafin kaya (tensile strength ≥ 3 MPa, elongation at break ≥ 400%), yana da kyau da kafin kaya (retains ≥ 80% performance after 100°C × 168 h thermal aging).

• Abubuwan da ake amfani da su don dukar da kafin kaya:

• Zinc-Aluminum Alloy Sacrificial Anode: Yana da muhimmanci don dukar da kafin kaya (anode purity ≥ 99.5%, current density ≥ 15 mA/m², design life ≥ 20 years).

• Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Corrosion-Resistant Tape: Yana da muhimmanci don dukar da kafin kaya (thickness ≥ 0.4 mm, tensile strength ≥ 18 MPa, ESCR ≥ 1000 h).

(B) Matakin Da Muhimmanci Don Dukar

• Matakin da ake amfani da su don kala da kafin kaya: Angle grinder (with 80-grit alumina grinding wheel), wire brush, anhydrous ethanol cleaner, stainless steel scraper (for removing corrosion products).

• Matakin da ake amfani da su don dukar da kafin kaya: Hydraulic crimping tool (crimping range 60–200 mm²), heat gun (temperature range 50–600°C), lead sealing dedicated torch (flame temperature ≤ 300°C).

• Matakin da ake amfani da su don testin kafin kaya: Megohmmeter (2500 V, range 0–10000 MΩ), double-arm bridge (contact resistance measurement, accuracy ±0.1 μΩ), ultrasonic thickness gauge (resolution 0.01 mm).

IV. Nau'in Dukar Da Kafin Kaya Daga Wurare Da Dama

(A) Dukar Da Kafin Kaya Na Aluminum (Misalai)

• Tayyar da Kafin Kaya Na Aluminum

• Amfani da angle grinder don kala da kafin kaya na aluminum, da kudanar da kafin kaya, da kuma kudanar da kafin kaya (minimum ≥ 100 mm), don nuna kafin kaya na aluminum (clean insulation shield).

• Kala da kafin kaya na aluminum, da kudanar da kafin kaya, da kuma kudanar da kafin kaya, da kuma kudanar da kafin kaya (dry for ≥ 15 min).

• Dukar Da Kafin Kaya Na Aluminum

• Zabba sleeve mai dukar da aluminum, da kudanar da kafin kaya, da kuma kudanar da kafin kaya (volume resistivity ≤ 5×10⁻⁴ Ω·cm).

• Fara da sleeve mai dukar da aluminum, da kudanar da kafin kaya, da kuma kudanar da kafin kaya (hexagonal opposite-side deviation ≤ ±0.1 mm, contact resistance ≤ 20 μΩ).

• Dukar Da Kafin Kaya Na Aluminum

• Zabba butyl rubber sealing tape, da kudanar da kafin kaya, da kuma kudanar da kafin kaya (forming a sealing layer ≥ 3 mm thick, extending ≥ 50 mm beyond undamaged sheath on both ends).

• Install heat-shrink tubing, heat gradually from center to ends (120°C → 140°C) to avoid bubbles. After cooling, check uniform shrinkage (post-shrinkage wall thickness ≥ 2 mm).

• Wrap PVC corrosion-resistant tape externally in a half-overlap spiral, secure ends with stainless steel straps (torque 15–20 N·m).

(B) Dukar Da Kafin Kaya Na Steel Armor + Lead Sheath Composite Sheath

• Bayyana Abubuwan Da Ke Faruwa

• Amfani da sandblasting (quartz sand 80–120 mesh, pressure 0.4–0.6 MPa) don bayyana abubuwan da ke faruwa, da kudanar da kafin kaya, da kuma kudanar da kafin kaya (surface roughness Sa2.5 grade).

• Trim lead sheath corrosion area with a lead plane, forming a smooth transition with slope ≥ 1:5 to avoid stress concentration.

• Sacrificial Anode Protection

• Symmetrically install 2 zinc-aluminum alloy anodes (100 mm × 50 mm × 10 mm) on both sides of the repair section, connected to steel armor via copper braid (cross-section ≥ 16 mm²), welded (lap length ≥ 30 mm, welding current 120–150 A).

• Fill gap between anode and cable sheath with petroleum jelly, encapsulate externally with high-density polyethylene (HDPE) housing to ensure full soil contact.

• Dual Sealing Structure

• Inner layer: cold-shrink silicone rubber tubing, inner wall coated with semiconductive water-blocking gel (volume resistivity 10–100 Ω·cm). Maintain at room temperature for 24 h after recovery for curing.

• Outer layer: pour epoxy resin (E-51 type, curing agent T-31, ratio 100:25), mold sealed at 0.2 MPa pressure, cure ≥ 48 h at 25°C. Post-cure Shore hardness ≥ 85 Shore D.

(C) Thermal Aging Cracking Repair (XLPE Insulated Cable)

• Crack Area Reinforcement

• Cut a V-groove along the crack direction (depth 1/3 of sheath thickness, angle 60°), fill with heat-resistant silicone rubber (temperature rating ≥ 180°C, tear strength ≥ 15 kN/m), level with scraper, cure at room temperature for 2 h.

• Wrap glass fiber cloth (0.2 mm thick, 16×16 threads/cm), impregnate with epoxy resin (solid content ≥ 70%) to form a reinforcement layer. Tensile strength ≥ 200 MPa after curing.

• Heat Dissipation Optimization

• Install aluminum heat sinks (1.5 mm thick, fin spacing 5 mm) externally on the repair section, bonded to sheath with thermal grease (thermal conductivity ≥ 1.5 W/(m·K)) to reduce local temperature rise (≤ 5°C).

• Monitor operating temperature with infrared thermal imager, ensuring temperature difference from undamaged section ≤ 2°C.

V. Quality Control and Acceptance Standards

(A) Key Parameter Testing

• Electrical Performance: Sheath insulation resistance ≥ 1000 MΩ (2500 V megohmmeter), partial discharge ≤ 5 pC (at 1.73U₀ voltage).

• Mechanical Performance: Impact resistance of repair section ≥ 10 J (at -30°C), bending radius ≥ 20 times cable outer diameter (no obvious deformation).

• Sealing Performance: After immersion test (room temperature, 24 h), sheath leakage current change rate ≤ 10%, no bubbles or water ingress.

(B) Long-Term Reliability Verification

• Accelerated Aging Test: Place repair sample in thermal aging chamber (135°C × 1000 h), after removal insulation resistance retention ≥ 80%, tensile strength degradation ≤ 20%.

• Soil Burial Test: Simulate actual laying environment, buried depth 1 m, duration 1 year, check for no corrosion perforation or seal failure.

VI. Safety Operation Regulations

• Power-Off Work Requirements: Follow "power-off - voltage test - grounding wire installation" procedure before repair. Hang "Do Not Close" warning signs on cable terminations, set safety barriers (distance ≥ 8 m) within work radius.

• Hot Work Management: When using torches or welding, equip dry powder fire extinguishers (ABC type, capacity ≥ 4 kg), clear flammable materials within 3 m, assign a dedicated supervisor.

• Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Wear insulated gloves (35 kV rating), goggles, flame-resistant workwear. Use safety harness (static load test force 2205 N, hold 3 min without break) for work at heights (≥ 2 m).