Modelar Zabana: Yadda Ake Samun Atom Daga Farko

Za ku fada model na Plum Pudding?

A model na Plum Pudding itace mai karatu na ilimin da ya fi sani don atomu wanda J.J. Thomson ya baka a shekarar 1904, bayan yake so shiga elektron. An yi wannan model don bayyana labaran cikin atoms da suka sanne a lokacin: elektron suna kwaɗi tsakanin, kuma atoms ba su da kwaɗi gaba.

An yi amfani da model na Plum Pudding don bayyana cewa atomu ana hanyar kuli mai kwaɗi gaba, wanda ake kira plum, kafin tana zama kuli mai kwaɗi gaba, kamar plum a ciki. Elektron suna hukuma a cikin shells kuma suka zama da kwaɗi gaba na kuli mai kwaɗi gaba.

Model na Plum Pudding itace mafi kyau na model na atomu wanda an yi amfani da shi don bayyana cikin atomu, kuma an yi amfani da shi saboda dalilai masu karatu da kimiyya. Amma, an yi kawo shi da model na atomu mafi inganci bayan an samun dalilai masu karatu.

Yadda Thomson Ya Baka Model Na Plum Pudding?

Thomson itace fizici mai Ingila wanda ya yi karatu da cathode rays, wadannan suna hukuma daga platina mai metal bayan a yi electric current. Ya ciyar da rawa ta kwaɗi zuwa jikinsu na elektron kuma ya sami cewa ita ita da atomu da aka sanne. Ya kammala cewa elektron suna zama subatomic particles da suke cikin duk atomu.

Thomson ya san su cewa atoms suna kwaɗi gaba, cewa su ba su da kwaɗi gaba. Ya ƙara cewa ya kamata a kan atoms akwai kwaɗi gaba wanda ya zama da kwaɗi gaba na elektron. Ya taka waɗannan karatu da William Thomson (Lord Kelvin), wanda ya baka model na kuli mai kwaɗi gaba a shekarar 1903.

Thomson ya fitar da model na Plum Pudding a shekarar 1904 a fili mai karatu na Britain. Ya bayyana atoms a matsayin kuli mai kwaɗi gaba da elektron suke cikin shells. Ya amfani da kimiyya masu karatu don ciyar da rawa ta kwaɗi zuwa jikinsu da kuma rawa ta kwaɗi zuwa jikinsu daga elektron.

Model na Thomson ya ƙara bayyana cikin atomu da ma'adanai da kuma kwaɗi gaba. Itace da classical mechanics, wanda ya zama teoriya masu karatu na physics a lokacin.

Muhimmancin Model Na Plum Pudding?

Model na Plum Pudding ya ƙarfin wasu abubuwa da muhimman kida wanda ba su iya bayyana wasu abubuwa da karatu.

Wanda ya ƙarfa ita ita cewa ba su iya bayyana ci gaban da atoms suna hukuma daga different frequencies of light inda suka yi hankali da external energy sources. Misali, inda hydrogen atoms suka yi hankali da electricity, suke hukuma spectrum of light wanda akwai different colors or wavelengths. Idan a yi amfani da model na Thomson, hydrogen atoms ya zama suke hukuma frequency of light, saboda suke da elektron.

Wasu ƙarfin ya ƙarfa ita ita cewa ba su iya bayyana deflection of alpha particles by atoms. Alpha particles suna kwaɗi gaba wanda suke hukuma daga radioactive elements. A shekarar 1909, Ernest Rutherford ya yi karatu inda ya hukuma alpha particles a thin sheet of gold foil. Ya ƙara cewa duk suke hukuma ta musamman saboda kwaɗi gaba na atoms ya zama ta kula a model na Thomson.

Amma, ya sami cewa wasu alpha particles suka hukuma da angles, kuma wasu suka bounce back. Wannan ya nuna cewa akwai concentrated region of positive charge a cikin atoms wanda ya repel alpha particles. Rutherford ya kira wannan region nucleus kuma ya baka model na atomu wanda elektron suke orbit around a small and dense nucleus.

Model na nuclear na Rutherford ya zama mafi inganci da model na Plum Pudding na Thomson a bayyana wasu abubuwa da karatu. Itace da waye bayyana structure and behavior of atoms.

Muhimman Model Na Plum Pudding?

Idan model na Plum Pudding ya zama mafi ƙarfi, ba ya zama mafi ƙarfi. Itace da muhimmiyar step a development of atomic theory and modern physics. Itace da scientific evidence and logic, kuma ya ƙara research and experimentation.

Model na Plum Pudding ya ƙara cewa atoms ba su indivisible ko immutable, kamar wanda some ancient philosophers suka ƙara. Itace cewa atoms suna internal structures and subatomic particles, wanda ya ƙara new possibilities for understanding matter and energy.

Model na Plum Pudding ya ƙara influence on other fields of science and culture. Misali, itace Niels Bohr don develop his quantum model of the atom, wanda ya amfani da both classical and quantum mechanics. Itace artists and writers don amfani da shi as a metaphor or a symbol for various concepts and themes.

Model na Plum Pudding idan ya zama mafi ƙarfi, ya zama da historical and scientific value. Itace da first model to propose a specific structure for atoms, kuma ya ƙara further research and discovery. Itace influence other fields of science and culture, kuma itace part of the history of atomic theory.

Na'ura

Model na Plum Pudding itace early attempt to explain the atom by J.J. Thomson a shekarar 1904. An yi amfani da shi don bayyana cewa atomu ana hanyar kuli mai kwaɗi gaba da elektron suke cikin. Model ya ƙara bayyana properties of atoms and matter, amma ya ƙarfa ita ita bayyana wasu abubuwa da karatu. Itace da Rutherford’s nuclear model of the atom, wanda ya introduce concept of the nucleus. Model na Plum Pudding ba ya zama mafi ƙarfi, amma itace da important step in the development of atomic theory and modern physics.

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