Free Expert Guides on Power Systems, Circuit Design & Electrical Troubleshooting

We all know that a voltage transformer (VT) must never operate short-circuited, while a current transformer (CT) must never operate open-circuited. Short-circuiting a VT or opening the circuit of a CT will damage the transformer or create hazardous conditions.From a theoretical standpoint, both VTs and CTs are transformers; the difference lies in the parameters they are designed to measure. So why, despite being fundamentally the same type of device, is one prohibited from short-circuit operatio

I. Permissible Operating Conditions for Current Transformers Rated Output Capacity: Current transformers (CTs) must operate within the rated output capacity specified on their nameplate. Operation beyond this rating reduces accuracy, increases measurement errors, and causes inaccurate meter readings, similar to voltage transformers. Primary Side Current: The primary current may continuously operate up to 1.1 times the rated current. Prolonged overload operation increases measurement errors and m

Optimization Measures for Rectifier System EfficiencyRectifier systems involve numerous and diverse equipment, so many factors affect their efficiency. Therefore, a comprehensive approach is essential during design. Increase Transmission Voltage for Rectifier LoadsRectifier installations are high-power AC/DC conversion systems requiring substantial power. Transmission losses directly impact rectifier efficiency. Increasing the transmission voltage appropriately reduces line losses and improves r

Thermal Relays for Motor Overload Protection: Principles, Selection, and ApplicationIn motor control systems, fuses are primarily used for short-circuit protection. However, they cannot protect against overheating caused by prolonged overloading, frequent forward-reverse operation, or undervoltage operation. Currently, thermal relays are widely used for motor overload protection. A thermal relay is a protective device that operates based on the thermal effect of electric current, and is essentia

General Overview of Automatic Reclosing ModesTypically, automatic reclosing devices are categorized into four modes: single-phase reclosing, three-phase reclosing, composite reclosing, and disabled reclosing. The appropriate mode can be selected based on load requirements and system conditions.1. Single-Phase ReclosingMost 110kV and higher transmission lines employ three-phase single-shot reclosing. According to operational experience, over 70% of short-circuit faults in high-voltage overhead li

I. Management Regulations for Trenchless Construction of MPP Power ConduitsIn power engineering, cable installation often employs trenchless techniques such as "pulling pipe" or "pipe jacking" due to routing constraints, construction schedules, and other objective factors. While trenchless methods offer advantages like minimal traffic disruption and shorter construction periods, they also present safety and management challenges. This is because trenchless technology remains relatively new for p

"Selecting a High-Quality Motor" – Remember the Six Key Steps Inspect (Look): Check the motor’s appearanceThe motor’s surface should have a smooth, even paint finish. The nameplate must be properly installed with complete and clear markings, including: model number, serial number, rated power, rated current, rated voltage, allowable temperature rise, connection method, speed, noise level, frequency, protection rating, weight, standard code, duty type, insulation class, manufacturing date, and ma

Common Issues and Solutions for SPDs in Practical ApplicationsSurge Protective Devices (SPDs) are critical for protecting electrical systems from transient overvoltages. However, several common issues occur in real-world installations: Insufficient maximum continuous operating voltage (Uc): Uc is lower than the grid’s maximum possible voltage, leading to SPD overheating or failure. Voltage protection level (Up) exceeds equipment impulse withstand voltage (Uw): SPD cannot adequately protect sensi

This article combines practical examples to refine the selection logic for 10kV steel tubular poles, discussing clear general rules, design procedures, and specific requirements for use in 10kV overhead line design and construction.Special conditions (such as long spans or heavy ice zones) require additional specialized verifications based on this foundation to ensure safe and reliable tower operation.General Rules for Overhead Transmission Line Tower SelectionThe rational selection of overhead

1. The Hydraulic Transformer: Filling a Critical Gap in Fluid Power TechnologyConventional hydraulic systems consist of a pump, actuators (cylinders or motors), control valves, and auxiliary components—but they have long lacked a functional equivalent to the electrical transformer: the hydraulic transformer. Given the strong analogies between hydraulic and electrical systems—where pressure corresponds to voltage, flow to current, and power transmission principles align closely—the absence of suc