Furfura na Gwaji Masu Dabi Annabi a Kofin Gwiwa Da Kyau

I. Obyectivi na Disposicion
Wanda ake koyar da matsalolin fayadantarka, zaka iya yi disposicion na mafi yawan gaskiya, tattalin arziki da kuma kadan a kan gidan. Yana ƙunshi hanyar kula tsaro na ƙasar, abincin cinikin kayan aiki, bangashin, da kuma mutanen. Yana bayyana yanayi don ina bi daidai a kan ingancin inganci ko kafuwar wasu abubuwa.

II. Hukumomin Inganci

Tattalin Arziki Mafi Yawa: Idan ake koyar da matsaloli, zaka iya sarrafa tattalin arziki a kan mutanen. Tabbata a duba tushen tattalin arziki na kuliya.
Inganci Mai Yawan Gaskiya: Zaka iya fara a yi inganci a lokacin da aka koyar da alama na matsala ko kuma idan an tabbatar da matsala.
Dakilanta Mai Yawan Gaskiya: Zaka iya dakiltar da matsaloli da kuma kula cewa mai yawan gaskiya don hakan ya ba da sababin da za a yi inganci.
Kulan Mai Yawan Gaskiya: Zaka iya kula da kyau wanda ake koyar da matsala daga cikin gwamnati na aiki.
Ana Bawo Kisan Matsaloli: A lokacin da ake koyar da matsala, zaka iya yi amfani da hanyoyi don kula cewa ba za a samu matsaloli masu yadda kamar kula tsaro, kasa, da kuma kula kayan aiki.

III. Tatsuniyar Dakilantar Matsaloli (A Fagen Fagen)

Yankin Tattalin Arziki: Zaka iya kula da sashe na tattalin arziki ko kuma alamomin baya don kula cewa ba ake koyar da mutanen ba. Duba shugaban da aka koyar da matsaloli (kamar sanin, ciyar, kula tsaro, kasa, da kuma kula kayan aiki).
Bincike Na Biyu: (Daga fagen fagen ko kuma inda ake kula cewa ana kula kayan aiki)

Buduga: Duba kasa/shedda don kula cewa akwai kwallon, kasa, lafiya, ma'ana mai yawa, ko kuma sauyin haɗa.
Abubuwan Kayan Aiki: Duba kwallofin kofin, kasa don kula cewa akwai kwallon, kasa, ko kuma lafiya; duba grading rings don kula cewa akwai kwallon, kasa, ko kuma kasa.
Leads/Tsarin Kofin: Duba leads (primary connections) don kula cewa akwai kwallon, kasa, ma'ana mai yawa, ko kuma kasa; duba tsarin kofin, clamps don kula cewa akwai kasa, kasa, kwallon, ko kuma lafiya.
Pressure Relief/Action Indicator: Duba cewa akwai pressure relief device na fayadantarka ko kuma base ta shiga (kamar vent opened); duba counter ko kuma action indicator status (kamar idan ake koyar da flag).
Discharge Marks: Duba kasa ga tsohuwar fayadantarka ko kuma abubuwan da ke kasa don kula cewa akwai dusti na kasa ko kuma abubuwan da suka fito daga kasa.

Infiransu na Tsarin: (Correlate with patrol records, online monitoring data like leakage current, operation counts, etc., if available) to assist in judging aging or performance degradation.

IV. Hanyoyin Inganci Masu Matsaloli (Gwiwar Ingancin Fagen Fagen)

Nau'in Matsala	Alamomin Matsala	Hanyoyin Inganci a Fagen Fagen	Bayanan Da Dukada
Matsala Kayan Aiki	* Fasteners loose/detached * Shattered/cracked housing * Deformed/displaced grading rings * Abnormal pressure relief device	1. After De-energization! If loose, re-tighten with a torque wrench to specification. 2. If severe shattering, deformation, pressure relief device operation, or displacement posing a safety threat: Isolate power and recommend immediate replacement of that phase or all phases. 3. Clean up detached fragments to prevent secondary injury or short circuits.	* Minor surface scratches can be monitored; do not affect immediate operation safety. * Severe mechanical damage is irreparable; requires replacement.
Matsala na Deterioration/Damage	* Heavily contaminated/iced housing (risk of flashover) * Obvious scorch marks, tracking * Severe acid erosion, chalking, cracking (aging) * Pressure relief operation * Frequent counter operation (possible valve block degradation)	1. For severe contamination/icing: If safely possible, attempt de-energized cleaning; otherwise, request an outage. 2. For scorching, tracking, severe aging, pressure relief operation, signs of valve block degradation: Isolate power immediately (open disconnector or breaker), remove the faulty arrester from service. Recommend replacement ASAP. 3. Record fault phenomena (photograph).	* Such faults usually indicate internal component damage; cannot be repaired on-site. * Key target for on-site isolation.
Matsala Leads/Connection	* Lead strands broken/burned through * Melted/discolored/loose connection terminals/clamps * Lead detached, causing ground short * Lead too close to ground/other parts causing discharge	1. Isolate Power! 2. Inspect short-circuit point, disconnect the faulty connection. 3. Replace burned, broken leads and damaged clamps/terminals. 4. Remake reliable, tight electrical connections (ensure good contact surfaces, proper crimping or bolt torque). 5. Adjust leads to ensure sufficient safety clearances (phase-to-phase, phase-to-ground).	* This fault easily causes short-circuit trips or even fire; requires fastest isolation. * Must check connection quality post-repair.

V. Yanayin Inganci (Kwana Kwana)

De-energization Mai Yawan Gaskiya: Idan ake koyar da matsala, zaka iya kula cewa circuit powering the arrester ya kula (open relevant disconnectors/switches), verify de-energization (test for voltage), and install temporary grounding leads (or close grounding switches)! Strictly implement the switching operation ticket system.
Tattalin Arziki:

Wear full set of qualified insulating PPE (insulating gloves, boots, safety glasses, insulating clothing if necessary).
Use qualified insulated tools (voltage detector, grounding stick, hot stick, etc.).
Maintain safe working distance from live parts and grounded objects (based on voltage level).

Fire Preparedness: Have appropriate fire extinguishers (e.g., dry powder, CO2) available onsite.
Gas Leakage: For GIS or tank-type arresters, if internal fault suspected causing gas leakage: Immediately evacuate personnel to a safe area and notify specialized personnel. Avoid staying below the leak point.
Information Reporting: Immediately report the fault situation, disposal progress, and required support to the superior dispatcher/management department.

VI. Check & Restoration Bayan Inganci

Confirmation na Amfani: Clear the work site, remove all temporary safety measures (except isolation devices), account for personnel and tools.
Test Functional: (If restored after lead repair/simple tightening)

Use a qualified insulation resistance tester (megohmmeter) to measure arrester insulation resistance (terminal-to-terminal, terminal-to-ground); check if acceptable.
Check lead connection security and contact integrity.
Confirm grading rings/components are unimpeded.

Energization Trial: (Upon confirmation)

Remove safety isolation measures (e.g., remove grounding leads).
Report to dispatcher and restore power as per instructions.
Closely monitor arrester status post-energization (e.g., temperature rise, sound, online leakage current data).

VII. Bayanan Da Dukada

No Live Work: All work involving the arrester body must only occur after confirming de-energization and implementing safety measures.
Determine Fault Nature: Clearly determine before, during, and after disposal whether it's an arrester internal fault or damage caused by external factors (e.g., bird streamers, tree contact, foreign object short circuits).
Thorough Documentation: Detail fault phenomena, preliminary judgment, disposal actions, replaced parts, test data, restoration time, personnel involved, etc., to support later analysis (include photos/video).
Replacement Criteria: Arresters with internal damage (pressure relief operation, severe aging, flashover), severe mechanical damage, or valve block failure (e.g., abnormal frequent counter operation + abnormal leakage current) must be replaced entirely as internal repairs are impossible on-site.
Qualified Personnel Only: Disposal work must be performed by qualified, experienced personnel familiar with the equipment.