Bincike na Maimaituka Tsakiyar Karamin Kirkiro

Testi na Maimaita Mai Kasa: Dangantaka da Tarihin Yadda Ake Yi

Yadda ake yi testi na maimaita mai kasa yana da muhimmanci da kuma yin hankali sosai saboda abubuwa masu tushen gaba-gaba da ke faruwa a cikin alama. Idan kana neman hakan, akwai abubuwan magana kamar transformers ko machines, domin ake yi testi suna da tsarin da ba ta fi yin hankali sosai ba. Misalai, testi na transformers ana haɗa shida kungiyoyin: type tests da routine tests.

Type Tests na Maimaita Mai Kasa

Type tests suna da muhimmanci wajen tabbatar da kyakkyawan da kuma ingantaccen siffar maimaita mai kasa. Waɗannan testi sun yi a makarantun labaran da suka haɗa shiga waɗannan abubuwan da ke buƙata don bayyana maimaita mai kasa. Type tests zai iya haɗa shida kungiyoyin: testi na inganta, testi na hoton jiki, testi na insulasya, da testi na tushen gaba-gaba, wadanda suke bayyana abubuwan kamar making capacity, breaking capacity, short-time rating current, da operating duty.

Testi na Inganta

Testi na inganta yana da muhimmanci wajen bayyana kyakkyawar inganta na maimaita mai kasa. Wannan testi ya haɗe a yi hanyar kofin da kafin ake bude da kuma kofin da kafin ake kafa maimaita don tabbatar da ya yi aiki a gaban darajar da kuma ya saukar da duk ingantacce. Testin wannan ya kunshi hanyoyi da ke faruwa a cikin ranar zuwa duka, tare da hanyoyi da ke da mahimmanci a kan aiki na maimaita mai kasa, don tabbatar da durabilicin da kuma amacin samun aiki na inganta.

Testi na Hoton Jiki

Testi na hoton jiki sun yi wajen tabbatar da yadda maimaita mai kasa ke tafiya hoton jiki. A lokacin testin, maimaita mai kasa ke kula da rarrabe na rayuwarsa, domin ake duba yadda tashin jiki ke faruwa a cikin maimaita. Saboda rayuwarren jiki da suka da 800A, yadda tashin jiki ke faruwa ba za su iya ƙara 40°C, amma idan rayuwarren jiki yana da 800A da uku, ita ce 50°C. Wannan takardun tashin jiki suna da muhimmanci don yanayi a dogara hoton jiki, wato yadda ke rage hoton jiki zai iya haɓaka kisa ga insulasya da kuma faɗarwa na ayyukan maimaita.

Testi na Insulasya

Testi na insulasya suna da muhimmanci wajen bayyana kyakkyawar maimaita mai kasa a kan tsarin voltages na power-frequency da impulse. Testi na power-frequency sun yi a maimaita mai kasa masu zamani, da tsari na voltage ke haɗa shida da rated voltage na maimaita. Tsari na voltage, da frequency na 15-100Hz, ke yi a hanyoyin uku: (1) a kan poles idan maimaita yana da kafa, (2) a kan pole da earth idan maimaita yana da bude, (3) across the terminals idan maimaita yana da bude.

A lokacin testi na impulse, an kula da tsari na impulse voltage a kan maimaita. Don maimaita mai kasa na gwamnati, ana yi testi na dry da kuma wet don tabbatar da integritas na insulasya na maimaita a kan harkokin al'umma.

Testi na Tushen Gaba-Gaba

Testi na tushen gaba-gaba suna yi a makarantun labaran da ke haɗa shiga waɗannan abubuwan, inda maimaita mai kasa ke kula da tushen gaba-gaba na musamman. Ana rubuta oscillograms a lokacin testin don tabbatar da yadda maimaita ke yi aikinsa a lokutan da ke da muhimmanci, kamar lokacin da ake kafa, lokacin da ake bude, da kuma lokacin da arc extinction yana faruwa.

Oscillograms na rubutu suna haɗa shiga a kan parametere kamar making and breaking currents (both symmetrical and asymmetrical), restriking voltages, da kuma a wasu lokutan, maimaita ke yi a kan rated conditions. Wannan tafiya mai tattalin arziki yana taimaka wajen fahimtar yadda maimaita ke yi aikinsa a lokutan da ke da muhimmanci da kuma tabbatar da design da ratings.

Routine Tests na Maimaita Mai Kasa

Routine tests suna yi a cikin standards da Indian Engineering Service da kuma Indian Standards ke ambaci. Waɗannan testi suna yi a birnin maimaita, don tabbatar da aikinsa na maimaita mai kasa.

Wannan daga cikin routine tests yana da testi na power-frequency voltage, wanda yake yi a hanyar tarihin da aka bayyana a kan type tests. Da kuma, an yi millivolt drop test don rubuta tashin voltage drop a kan tsarin current path na maimaita, wanda yake taimaka wajen fahimtar electrical resistance da integrity na ayyukan da ke kula da current. An yi operational test, inda an yi simulation na tripping mechanism na maimaita, tare da kafin ake kafa contacts na relays. Wannan testi yana tabbatar da maimaita zai iya yanayi da fault signals da kuma yi aikinsa na protection kamar yadda ake ambaci.