Paghunahon ug Pagsilbi sa mga Kasinatian sa Power Transformer | -Pagtubag sa Maong Pag-operasyon

Ang pagtukoy ug pag-uli sa mga sayop sa power transformer kahimsog nang gipangayo ang operasyon niining mga teknikal nga personal nga may kapabilidad ug kadalanan. Sumala, mao kini ang pipila ka mga pangutana sa pagsusi ug pagpanalipod sa power transformer:

I. Susihon ang input ug output voltage, current, temperatura, ug uban pang mga parametro sa transformer aron masiguro nga sila anaa sa normal nga rango.

• Basaha ang instruction manual sa transformer aron mapahimulos nimo ang iyang rated voltage ug current, limitahan sa temperatura, ug uban pang espesyal nga mga pangutana.

• Gamita ang multimeter aron suksuhon ang voltage ug current sa input ug output side sa transformer. Sa panahon sa pagsubok, unang iset ang multimeter sa maong range, pagkatapos i-connect ang probes sa input ug output terminals sa transformer, ug irecord ang voltage ug current values.

• Susihon ang temperatura sa transformer. Gamita ang thermometer o infrared thermal imager aron susihon ang key components sumala sa manual o aktwal nga kondisyon. Ang temperatura dapat anaa sa allowed range, ug ang temperatura sa input ug output side dapat sama.

• Susihon ang insulation condition sa transformer. Gamita ang multimeter o dedicated insulation resistance tester aron suksuhon ang insulation resistance tali sa windings ug ground. Konfirmi kung ang insulation resistance naghatag sa required values sumala sa manual o aktwal nga kondisyon.

• Susihon ang oil level, oil quality, ug oil temperature sa transformer. Ang oil level dapat anaa sa normal range, ang oil quality dapat maayo, ug ang oil temperature dapat anaa sa acceptable limits. Address any abnormalities immediately if detected.

Ang pagtikang sa input/output voltage, current, ug temperatura parameters sa transformer mahimong importante aron masiguro ang normal nga operasyon ug palapdonon ang service life sa transformer.

II. Susihon ang winding connections sa transformer alang sa correctness, secure joints, ug absence of poor contact.

• Unang, review ang wiring diagram sa transformer aron konfirmi kung ang connections sa duha ka gilid nagpakita sa standards, kasagaran ang proper cable selection, securely fastened terminals, ug correct joint configurations.

• Susiha ang wiring box, terminal box, ug uban pang connection areas aron masiguro ang connections stable ug reliable, joints secure, ug walay signs of overheating, oxidation, o physical damage.

• Gamita ang tools sama sa multimeter aron suksuhon ang winding connections. Test voltage o current transformation aron verifi correct connections ug detect issues sama sa poor contact o short circuits.

• Kon posible, perform a power-on test ug observe ang operational status ug changes in electrical parameters aron konfirmi ang integrity sa wiring ug connections.

Ang appropriate tools ug testing methods dapat iselect basi sa site conditions, ug perform necessary maintenance ug adjustments as needed.

III. Susihon ang cooling system sa transformer, kasagaran ang fans, water cooling units, ug cooling oil, aron masiguro ang normal nga operasyon.

• Susihon ang fan system: Unang, verify kung ang transformer equipped niadto sa fan system. Kon oui, check kung ang fans are operating normally. Mahimo nimong itumong ang imong lawas near the fan inlet aron confirm airflow.

• Susihon ang water cooling system: Kon ang transformer uses water cooling, check kung ang cooling water flows freely ug walay blocked discharge pipes. Inspect from the water inlet of the cooling unit.

• Susihon ang cooling oil: Para sa oil-cooled transformers, check ang oil level ug oil quality. Add oil kon ang level low; replace the oil kon ang quality has degraded.

• Susihon ang heat sinks: Check ang heat sinks sa transformer para sa dust accumulation or blockages, ug clean them if necessary.

Note: Power must be disconnected before inspection to ensure safety.

IV. Susihon ang external insulation components, sama sa insulators, bushings, ug seals, alang sa damage o defects.

• Susihon ang surface insulation materials: Check ang external insulation materials (e.g., rubber, plastic) alang sa damage, aging, o deterioration. Replace immediately if any issues are found.

• Susihon ang support insulator bricks: Kon ang transformer adunay support insulator bricks, verify kung sila intact without cracks or detachment.

• Check grounding: Ensure ang grounding connection tali sa transformer enclosure ug earth secure ug free of looseness.

• Check labeling: Verify kung ang external labels (e.g., rated voltage, current) clear, legible, ug correctly marked.

During inspection, power must be disconnected and the equipment discharged in advance to ensure safety. Report any issues to qualified technicians immediately.

V. Perform partial discharge (PD) testing to assess the transformer’s partial discharge performance and insulation condition.

Partial discharge testing helps evaluate the transformer’s PD performance and insulation status, enabling early detection and resolution of potential faults. The specific steps are as follows:

• Preparation: Select appropriate instruments and sensors, and connect and configure them according to instructions.

• Clean the surface: Clean the transformer’s surface thoroughly to remove dirt and moisture, which could otherwise affect measurement accuracy.

• Conduct the test: Securely attach sensors to the transformer’s surface and monitor partial discharge signals in real time, ensuring the instrument detects any changes in partial discharge current. Test duration varies based on equipment capacity and required precision, typically ranging from several hours to several days.

• Analyze results: Analyze the data, compare PD levels at different measurement points, eliminate interference, locate abnormal areas, identify fault causes and severity, and determine whether repair or component replacement is needed.

• Address faults: If abnormal PD is detected, promptly determine the cause and take corrective actions. Common measures include enhancing insulation, reinforcing local areas, repairing, or adjusting operations to eliminate partial discharge.

VI. If faults are identified, repair or replace faulty components such as winding coils or insulation materials.

VII. After repairs, perform functional testing to ensure the transformer’s performance meets requirements.

Note: Power transformers are large, high-voltage equipment. Strict adherence to safety procedures during operation is essential to ensure the safety of personnel and equipment.