Mai suna da dalilai da ke cika hanyar zuwa tashin karkara a tsakiyar muhimmiyar IEE-Business?
Salamu alaikum duka, ina nufin Felix, wanda ya yi aiki a karkashin kawo karfi zuwa ƙarfin zabe ta shirya masana'antu 15 shekara.
A wasu shekaru, ina zo da yawa daga birnin zuwa birnin, kuma daga hanyoyin ƙarshe zuwa hanyoyin kudin, kuma kafin ƙarƙashin da kuma kawo karfi zuwa dukkan ƙarin ƙarfin shirya. Masana'antar taurari mai tsayi suna cikin mafi yawan da na iya shiga a kan su.
Juma'a, daya daga abokai na ba ni:
“Maimakon ƙarƙashin tsayi a kan taurari mai tsayi ya kasance ƙarƙashin tsayi mai ƙarfi?”
Babban tambaya — musamman don masu ƙarƙashin. Saboda haka, za mu bayyana wannan a harshen yadda aka sani, da amfani da misalai da na samu a shekarun.
1. Maimakon ƙarƙashin tsayi a kan taurari mai tsayi Mai ƙarfi?
Za a fara da gajarta:
Taurari mai tsayi shine taurari mai kyau da mutane ke amfani da shi a kan makarantun, mallamsu, asibitoci, data centers — wurare da ake magance ƙarƙashin tsayi.
Kan ƙarfin tsayi mai ƙarfi ana fitowa 400V ko 230V kuma tana bincike kasa daidai.
Idan muna ce ƙarƙashin tsayi a kan ƙarfin tsayi mai ƙarfi, yana nufin cewa ƙarƙashin tsayi daga ƙarfin tsayi zuwa ƙarfi (ko ƙofin) ya zama ɗaya da yake da ita — yana nufin cewa ƙarƙashin tsayi ya ci gaba.
A harshen yadda aka sani: wadanda a lokacin da ya zama babban halitta ba ake ƙara ba, ya zama ake ƙara da ƙware-ƙware ƙwarya. Wannan zai iya haɗa da kusa, arcing, ko ƙarƙashin tsayi!
2. Sabbin Dalilai (Duk Duka Suna Neman Su)
Daga tattami na a yi, sabbin dalilai da suka haɗa da ƙarƙashin tsayi a kan ƙarfin tsayi mai ƙarfi taurari mai tsayi sun cikin kungiyoyi:
2.1 Ruwan Kuli / Tabbaci
Wannan shine mafi yawan dalili, musamman a wurare da ruwan kuli kamar jihar Kudu da Turai ko a wurare da tsafta, ko a taurari mai tsayi da suka shiga wanda ba a yi kula da shi ba.
Misali: Shekarar da zuwa, na duba taurari mai tsayi mai sauƙi a kan fabrikan Xiamen. Ƙarƙashin tsayi a kan ƙarfin tsayi mai ƙarfi ya kasance akwai miliyan megaohms ɗaya — ɗaya da ya fi daɗi da ma'aduni (ya kamata ≥500MΩ). Idan muna buɗe ƙofin, an sami tabbaci a kan! Ya ƙunshi cewa an yi ƙara da ruwan kuli a lokacin da ya zama da yawa da kuma saboda ruwan kuli mai yawa.
Solutions:
Dubawa wadannan da ake ƙara da ruwan;
Amfani da yan kwace ruwan ko yan kwace na tsafta don kula;
Rarraba zuwa fabrikan don kula a kan kula mai tsafta idan ya danganta;
Sakamako dehumidifier ko yan kwace ruwan don inganci.
2.2 Tsakiyar Haushe Ko Abubuwan Da Ba A Kan Su Ba
Taurari mai tsayi suna amfani da hawa don kula, kuma suna da fura ƙarin, wanda ya haɗa da wadannan da ake ƙara da tsakiyar haushe a lokacin da ya zama da yawa.
Tsakiyar haushe zai iya ƙara, musamman tsakiyar ferro ko particles na soli — kuma idan an yi ƙara da ruwan, zai iya ƙara da ƙarƙashin tsayi.
Na samu misali a kan ƙarfin tsayi a kan asibiti mai sayarwa. Ana samu deposits na tsakiya a kan ƙarfin tsayi, wanda ya ƙunshi cewa gas na sayarwa, kuma ƙarƙashin tsayi ya ci gaba.
Solutions:
Sake so da yawa, musamman a kan ƙarfin tsayi da ƙarfin;
Sakamako filters a wurare da tsakiyar haushe;
Amfani da insulating cleaners na ƙarƙashin tsayi — ba a sake so da ruwan ba;
Dubawa cewa fura ƙarin ba su ƙara ba.
2.3 Zabi ƙarfin Ko Kisan Damagin Partial Discharge
ƙarfin a taurari mai tsayi suna da epoxy resin — mai ƙarƙashin tsayi, amma ba ake ƙara ba.
Yawan ƙarƙashin tsayi a lokacin da yawa da ruwan kuli, kasa, ko harmonic conditions zai iya haɗa da ƙarƙashin tsayi, zai ƙara, ko zai ƙara da tsakiya, kuma zai haɗa da partial discharge, kuma ya ci gaba ƙarƙashin tsayi.
Na samu misali a kan taurari mai tsayi da ya yi aiki 8 shekara. Ƙarƙashin tsayi a kan ƙarfin tsayi mai ƙarfi ya kasance 1000MΩ zuwa 20MΩ. Idan muna buɗe, an sami shaida cewa ƙarfin tsayi ya ƙara da tsakiya.
Solutions:
Dubawa recordon yawan ƙarƙashin tsayi don yawan ƙarƙashin tsayi;
Cika partial discharge levels (idandansa);
Saka ƙarfin tsayi da damagin ko taurarin daidai;
Gina ƙarƙashin tsayi, kaɗa kasa, kuma ƙara da kasa da kasa.
2.4 Ƙarfin Tsayi Mai ƙarfi Ko ƙarfin Tsayi Mai ƙarfi
Ƙarfin tsayi mai ƙarfi zai iya haɗa da ƙarƙashin tsayi, wanda zai haɗa da abubuwan da ake ƙara da shi.
Misali, na samu taurari mai tsayi da ya ƙunshi UPS system. Ƙarƙashin tsayi a kan ƙarfin tsayi mai ƙarfi ya kasance ɗaya da yake da 100MΩ. Idan muna buɗe, an sami ƙarfin copper busbar bolt — a kan ƙarfin tsayi ya ƙara da tsakiya, kuma ya ƙara da ruwan kuli.
Solutions:
Sake ƙarfin ƙarfin tsayi daga ƙarfin tsayi;
Amfani da torque wrench daidai;
Dubawa cewa ƙarfin tsayi ba ƙara da tsakiya, ba ƙara da ruwan, ko ba ƙara da ruwan kuli ba;
Sake ƙarfin ko saka ƙarfin tsayi da damagin tsakiya.
2.5 Ƙarƙashin Tsayi Ko ƙarƙashin Tsayi Mai ƙarfi
Ƙarƙashin tsayi da ƙarƙashin tsayi mai ƙarfi taurari mai tsayi ya kamata ƙarƙashin tsayi. Idan ƙarƙashin tsayi ya ci gaba, zai iya haɗa da floating voltages, wanda zai haɗa da ƙarƙashin tsayi mai ƙarfi.
Misali, a lokacin da na duba commissioning check a kan wuri mai sauƙi, ƙarƙashin tsayi a kan ƙarfin tsayi mai ƙarfi ya kasance ɗaya da yake da kiloohms. An sami cewa ƙarƙashin tsayi ya ƙara da workers, wanda ya ƙara da ƙarƙashin tsayi mai ƙarfi — wanda ya ƙunshi ƙarƙashin tsayi mai ƙarfi.
Solutions:
Dubawa cewa ƙarƙashin tsayi ba ƙara da ƙarƙashin tsayi ba;
Test ƙarƙashin tsayi (ya kamata ≤4Ω);
Dubawa cewa ƙarƙashin tsayi mai ƙarfi ya ƙarƙashin tsayi;
Kaɗa ƙarƙashin tsayi mai ƙarfi.
2.6 Errors Na Measurement / Improper Testing Methods
Duk da yake, wannan ba a nan ƙarƙashin tsayi, amma yana nufin cewa yadda ake test.
Misalai sun cikin:
Amfani da 500V megohmmeter instead of a 2500V one;
Ba a sake ƙara da secondary cables ko abubuwan da ake ƙara da su ba;
Ba a sake ƙara da testing, wanda ya ƙunshi ƙware-ƙware ƙwarya;
Kasance testing a lokacin da reading ya ƙara da yawa.
Na samu wannan rikicce — na ƙara da taurari mai tsayi da yake da ƙarƙashin tsayi.
Solutions:
Amfani da 2500V megohmmeter (for dry-type transformers);
Sake ƙara da duk wiring;
Discharge for at least 1 minute before testing;
Record R15 and R60 values, calculate absorption ratio (R60/R15 ≥ 1.3);
Consider dielectric loss tests for further confirmation.
3. Yadda Ake Test Don Diagnosis
Wannan shine yadda na amfani a diagnosis:
4. Repair Suggestions & Preventive Measures
Repair Suggestions:
Idan ruwan kuli shine mafi yawan dalili, kula zai iya ƙarƙashin tsayi;
Idan tsakiyar haushe shine mafi yawan dalili, sake so zai iya ƙarƙashin tsayi;
Idan ƙarfin tsayi ya ƙara, saka zuwa fabrikan don repair ko replacement;
Idan ƙarfin tsayi mai ƙarfi shine mafi yawan dalili, sake ƙarfin ko saka;
Duk ƙarƙashin tsayi ya kamata a yi a lokacin da power off, lockout-tagout applied!
Preventive Measures:
Regular inspections (quarterly), using infrared thermography to detect hotspots;
Periodic cleaning (annually), paying attention to hidden corners;
Install dehumidification systems (especially in humid areas);
Monitor load to avoid long-term overloading;
Consider online monitoring systems (for high-end users);
Keep detailed equipment records and track changes over time.
5. Final Thoughts
Ƙarƙashin tsayi mai ƙarfi a kan taurari mai tsayi mayi yadda ake ƙara, amma a duk waɗannan, zai iya ƙara da kuma kawo karfi zuwa dukkan ƙarin ƙarfin shirya.
Don haka, ina nufin:
“Insulation doesn’t fail suddenly — it deteriorates slowly over time.”
Daga regular checks da timely maintenance, most problems can be caught early and prevented from becoming serious.
Idan kana ƙarƙashin tsayi a kan ƙarfin tsayi mai ƙarfi, ba kana da wani ƙarƙashin tsayi, feel free to reach out — we can work through it together and find the best solution.
Remember this key message:
“Prevention is better than cure — catch it early, fix it early.”
Stay safe, keep the lights on!
— Felix
