Quae sunt communia vitia transformatorum currentis in apparatibus commutationis aere insulatis

Salvete omnes, ego Felix sum, et decem annis in campo systematis electricitatis operor. A secutu seniorum ingeniorum in loco ad ducendum curationes varias deficiendorum apparatorum substationum, multos genera transformatorum currentis (CTs) tractavi, praecipue eos qui in apparatu commutationis aer insulato (AIS) utuntur.

Quamquam huiusmodi apparatus structura simpliciter et facile conservatur, tamen saepe in operatione reali difficultates experitur. Hodie meam experientiam manualem communicabo et de his loquar:

Quae sunt communissima deficiencia transformatorum currentis in apparatu commutationis aer insulato — et quomodo cum eis agimus?

Nulla vanitas, sed sola scientia practica!

1. Quid est Transformator Currentis in Apparatu Commutationis Aer Insulato?

Incipiam brevi explicatione ut melius intellegas quod sequetur.

Apparatus commutationis aer insulatus (AIS) est genus apparati distributionis electricitatis, qui aerem ut medium principale insulationis utitur. Largiter in rete distributionis usque ad 35kV usatur.

Transformator currentis (CT) interior prope circuitobrake vel interruptores isolantes solet instaurari. Officium eius est mensurare currentem primum et signa sampling pro dispositivis protectionis praebere. Performantia CT directe affectat accurateciam metrationis et fiduciam actionum protectionis.

2. Communia Genera Deficientiarum et Analyse Causarum Radicarium
Defectus 1: Circuitus Secundarius Apertus — Periculosissimum (et Saepe Neglectum) Problema

• Symptoma: Metri nullum ostendunt, relays protectionis mala functionant vel etiam concremantur.

• Causae:

• Conexiones terminales laxae;

• Oblivio circuiti secundarii dum testatur breviari;

• Error humanus in operatione.

• Consequentes: Circuitus secundarius apertus potest saturare nucleum et periculosissimas altitudines voltuum generare — possibiliter instrumenta damnumve causans.

• Solutiones:

• Omnia cabla secundaria ante installationem inspecta;

• Semper breviarii uti quando testatur;

• Personale maintenance instruere super procedendo recto.

Consilium Professio: Post omnem sessionem maintenance, semper circuitum secundarium multimetro inspice ut continuitatem confirmes!

Defectus 2: Insenescens Insulationis / Ingressus Humoris — Magnus Periculum in Renovationibus Substationum Veterum

• Symptoma: Discharge partialis, resistencia insulationis minuta, trip breakdown.

• Causae:

• Insenescens longa temporis materialium;

• Obturatio mala permittit humor intrare;

• Ambiens humido (communiter in regionibus meridionalibus).

• Consequentes: Minora problemata affectant accurateciam metrationis; casus severiores possunt ad circuitus curtos vel explosiones ducere.

• Solutiones:

• Testa regulariter insulationem;

• Prioritatem designis resistentibus umori tribue quando vetustas unitates substituis;

• Installa dispositiva calefactionis et desiccationis in ambientes humidis.

Recommendatio: In renovationibus stationum veterum, non solum aspectum specta — inspectionem internam insulationis diligenter fac!

Defectus 3: Connexio Polaris Erronea — Communis Error Novorum, Cum Consequentibus Gravibus

• Symptoma: Protection differentialis mala functionat, metrationis inaccurate.

• Causae:

• Non inspectio polaritatis durante installatione;

• Interpretatio erronea diagrammatorum wiring;

• Labelling incleara ducit ad connexiones erroneas.

• Consequentes: In systemis protectionis differentialis, polaritas erronea potest falsas tripes vel non tripes causare — magnum periculum safety.

• Solutiones:

• Semper teste polaritatem post installationem;

• Uti testerem polaritatis vel methodo DC confirmare directionem;

• Clare marcare terminales primarios et secundarios.

Memento: Polaritas importat — praecipue in systemis protectionis relay!

Defectus 4: Error Ratio Magna — "Silent Killer" Qui Metrationem et Protectionem Afficit

• Symptoma: Discrepancies in lectionibus metrorum energy, incorrectae settinges protectionis.

• Causae:

• Selectio CT impropria (mismatch rated current);

• Curva magnetizationis nuclei mala;

• Onus secundarium excessivum (e.g., connectio plures instrumenta).

• Consequentes: Errores parvi costant pecuniam in billing; magni causant misjudgment by protection relays.

• Solutiones:

• Carefully match the rated current during selection;

• Check if the secondary load is within acceptable limits;

• Replace with higher accuracy class CTs when necessary.

Attention: Don’t downgrade accuracy classes lightly — especially for metering applications!

Fault 5: Mechanical Damage or Poor Assembly — Hidden Risks from Installation

• Symptoms: Abnormal vibration, loud noise, overheating.

• Causes:

• Physical damage during transportation;

• Forced alignment during installation;

• Improper tightening of mounting bolts.

• Consequences: Long-term operation may lead to winding deformation or insulation damage.

• Solutions:

• Inspect for physical damage before installation;

• Follow installation instructions strictly;

• Use torque wrenches to tighten fasteners properly.

Field Experience: It’s better to take your time than rush and leave hidden dangers behind!

3. Daily Operation & Maintenance Tips

As an experienced field engineer, here are some key O&M suggestions I want to emphasize:

• Regular Patrols: Monitor temperature, sound, and connection status;

• Insulation Testing: Perform insulation resistance and dielectric loss tests at least once a year;

• Live Detection: Use infrared thermal imaging to detect abnormal heating early;

• Data Logging: Keep historical records to track trends;

• Training: Improve operational standards through staff training, especially for new employees.

4. Final Thoughts

Current transformers in air insulated switchgear may seem small and unimportant, but they're the eyes and ears of the entire power system. When they fail, it can range from minor metering inaccuracies to serious safety risks.

So whether you're selecting, installing, or maintaining these devices — pay attention to the details!

Remember these key points:

• Prevent secondary open circuits at all costs;

• Never allow polarity errors;

• Monitor insulation aging regularly;

• Control ratio errors strictly;

• Ensure high-quality installation.

Only by getting every detail right can we truly guarantee stable and safe power system operations.

If you’ve encountered any CT-related issues in your work, or want to know more about troubleshooting a specific fault, feel free to leave a comment or send me a message. I’d be happy to help you analyze and solve the problem together!

Here’s hoping every current transformer runs steadily and safely — quietly guarding our power supply!

— Felix