Free Expert Guides on Power Systems, Circuit Design & Electrical Troubleshooting

Transformer Operating TemperatureDuring operation, transformers generate copper losses and iron losses, both of which are converted into heat, causing the transformer’s temperature to rise. Most transformers in China use Class A insulation. Due to heat transfer characteristics, significant temperature differences exist between different components during operation: winding temperature is the highest, followed by the core, and then the temperature of the insulating oil (with upper-layer oil being

An inverter-integrated transformer is a power conversion device that combines the functions of an inverter and a transformer into a single unit. Widely utilized in renewable energy systems such as solar photovoltaic (PV) and wind power generation, its primary role is to convert direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC) while adjusting voltage levels (stepping up or down) via the transformer, ensuring compatibility with grid requirements or specific load demands.1. Basic Functions and Opera

Power transformers are pivotal components in electrical grids, tasked with voltage conversion to enable efficient electricity transmission and distribution. As global energy demands surge and grid architectures grow increasingly complex, there is an urgent need for advanced transformer technologies that enhance efficiency, minimize environmental impact, and ensure operational reliability. Among emerging innovations, hydrogen-cooled power transformer technology has emerged as a particularly promi

1. Functions of Transformer BushingsThe core function of transformer bushings is to lead the coil leads out to the external environment. They serve both as insulating components between the leads and the oil tank and as fixing devices for the leads.During the operation of a transformer, bushings continuously carry load currents and, in the event of an external short circuit, withstand short-circuit currents. Therefore, transformer bushings must meet the following requirements: Possess specified

High - voltage power transformers (above 10 kV) are extensively applied in various sectors, spanning residential and industrial fields. The following is a detailed overview of their main application scenarios and technical characteristics:1. Urban and Civil Applications1.1 Residential Communities and Commercial CentersThe 10 kV - rated combination transformer, favored for its compact size and fully sealed structure, is widely used in new residential complexes, shopping centers, and high - rise b

Handling of Minor Action of Transformer Gas Relay Immediately check and record the protective relay action signals, and report to the dispatcher and station manager. Closely monitor the transformer’s voltage, current, temperature, oil level, oil color, sound, and cooler operation, and assign personnel to conduct an external inspection of the transformer. If significant abnormalities are found during the inspection, report to the dispatcher and take the faulty transformer offline. If no

What Is a Voltage Class? Definition of Voltage Class:Voltage classes (or voltage levels) refer to a set of standardized rated voltages used in power systems and electrical equipment. A rated voltage is the nominal voltage at which equipment is designed to operate under normal conditions; essentially, a voltage class defines the intended working voltage range for a system or device. Analogy to Consumer Appliances:Household appliances (e.g., refrigerators, TVs) operate at a nominal voltage&mda

Verification of Insulation IntegrityWhen a new or overhauled transformer is energized under open-circuit (no-load) conditions, switching surges—caused by operations such as opening or closing the no-load transformer circuit—can generate overvoltages. These reach 4.0–4.5 times the phase voltage if the neutral point is isolated or earthed through a Petersen coil, and up to 3.0 times the phase voltage when the neutral is solidly grounded. The full-voltage, no-load impa

Can a 50Hz-Designed Power Transformer Operate on 60Hz Grid?If a power transformer is designed and built for 50Hz, can it run on a 60Hz grid? If so, how do its key performance parameters change?Key Parameter Changes Short-Circuit Impedance:For a given transformer (same voltage and capacity), short-circuit impedance is proportional to frequency. Thus, a 50Hz-designed unit operating at 60Hz sees a 20% increase—higher frequency intensifies alternating leakage field opposition to current. N

1 IntroductionWhether using any finite element analysis software (such as COMSOL, Infolytica, or Ansys) for transformer simulation analysis—whether focusing on electric field, magnetic field, flow field, mechanical field, or acoustic field—the basic process is roughly the same. A true understanding of the key points in each process is the foundation for the success of the simulation analysis and the reliability of the final results.2 Basic Simulation ProcessA scientific and c