Free Expert Guides on Power Systems, Circuit Design & Electrical Troubleshooting

Partial Discharge (PD) Detection in GISBoth UHF (Ultra-High Frequency) and ultrasonic methods are effective for detecting partial discharges (PD) in Gas-Insulated Switchgear (GIS), each with distinct advantages: UHF Method: Detects PD pulses via high-frequency electromagnetic waves generated by PD activity within GIS. Ultrasonic Method: Identifies ultrasonic waves produced by bubble shocks caused by PD.Key Monitoring DataThe main data monitored by a GIS PD monitoring system includes: UHF PD sign

Arrangement and Communication of GIS Control ElementsThe positioning of control and communication components in Gas - Insulated Switchgear (GIS) can differ significantly based on the design choices of various manufacturers.As illustrated in the accompanying figure, a typical configuration of GIS integrating switchgear controllers and communication elements features a circuit breaker controller (CBC) and a disconnector or earth switch controller (DCC) tailored for a three - phase pole setup. The

IEC 61850 Standards and NCIT - Related Communication in GISThe IEC 61850 8 - 1 standard is specifically applicable to station bus communication, providing a framework for data exchange and interoperability within substation automation systems. On the other hand, the IEC 61850 9 - 2 LE standard is directly relevant to the communication of Non - Contact Inductive Transducer (NCIT) sensors.Ethernet optical communication drivers play a crucial role in this setup. Their significance stems from the ut

This inspection of GIS components can typically be carried out every 5 - 10 years. However, its frequency can also hinge on the number of operations of switching devices and the manufacturer's recommendations. The overarching aim is to verify the proper functioning of all switching devices. To this end, the relevant equipment must be de - energized.GIS manufacturers furnish users with recommended maintenance plans, which should be scrupulously adhered to. The typical operations during this inspe

Gas Leak IndicationA gas density of approximately 90% or lower in each gas compartment and zone indicates the presence of a gas leak. This compromised gas density can gradually undermine the integrity of the insulation and operational performance of the equipment.Insulation Rating Non - ComplianceWhen the gas density drops to around 80% or less in every gas compartment and zone, it means that the dielectric ratings of the apparatus can no longer be maintained. This situation poses a significant

The primary purpose of these switches is identical to that of grounding switches in air - insulated substations and non - fault - initiating grounding switches in Gas - Insulated Switchgear (GIS).High - Speed Grounding Switches (HSGS) possess an additional feature: they can close an energized conductor, creating a short - circuit while sustaining minimal damage to either the switch itself or its enclosure. HSGS are utilized to ground various active components within a substation, including trans

In most types of Gas - Insulated Switchgear (GIS), the Ultra - High - Frequency (UHF) energy is concentrated within the frequency range of 100 MHz to 2 GHz. The frequency response of the sensor is contingent upon its size, shape, and the connection method employed. Most sensors are, in themselves, resonant structures at UHF frequencies, and this characteristic can be exploited to enhance performance. Typical sensors are depicted in the figure.Internal sensors are typically installed in a recess

The partitioning of a Gas - Insulated Switchgear (GIS) is significantly influenced by the service continuity requirements during maintenance, repair, and extension activities. Additionally, local health and safety regulations must be taken into account.GIS should be divided into compartments in a way that: During various operations that necessitate the de - energization of certain parts of the GIS, such as maintenance, repair, and extension, the compartments taken out of service adhere to the us

Rogowski coils offer highly accurate secondary outputs without the risk of saturation since they do not incorporate an iron core. The air - core design ensures linear measurement, although it generates only a relatively small voltage (1V as opposed to 100V). This characteristic enables a compact equipment layout and allows for easy integration into Gas - Insulated Switchgear (GIS) with minimal space requirements due to the absence of an iron core. Additionally, Rogowski coils exhibit high immuni

General Rules for GIS Grounding and bondingIn most Gas - Insulated Switchgears (GIS), there are two grounding grids: The station grounding grid, which is analogous to that in a typical Air - Insulated Switchgear (AIS) installation. The GIS grounding mesh, a closely - spaced grounding grid embedded in the concrete slab where the GIS is installed.Typical rules for GIS grounding and bonding are as follows: All grounding conductors should be kept as short as feasible. The grounding mesh and its inte