Free Expert Guides on Power Systems, Circuit Design & Electrical Troubleshooting

What is Voltage Surge？DefinitionVoltage surge is defined as a sudden and excessive rise in voltage that can damage the electrical equipment within an installation. Overvoltages in power lines occur due to an increase in voltage between phases or between a phase and ground. Voltage surges are mainly categorized into two broad types: internal and external voltages.Types of Voltage SurgesOvervoltages in a power station can be triggered either by internal disturbances or by atmospheric phenomena. Ba

What is Valve Type Lightning Arrester?DefinitionA lightning arrester that comprises single or multiple gaps connected in series with a current - controlling element is referred to as a lightning arrester. The gap between the electrodes blocks the flow of current through the arrester, except when the voltage across the gap exceeds the critical gap flashover voltage. The valve - type arrester is also called a gap surge diverter or a silicon - carbide surge diverter with a series gap.Construction o

What is Overcurrent Relay?DefinitionAn overcurrent relay is defined as a relay that activates only when the current value exceeds the relay's set value. It safeguards the equipment in the power system from fault currents.Classification Based on Operation TimeBased on the time it takes to operate, the overcurrent relay can be categorized into the following types: Instantaneous Overcurrent Relay Inverse Time Overcurrent Relay Definite Time Overcurrent Relay Inverse Definite Time Overcurrent Relay

In most types of Gas - Insulated Switchgear (GIS), the Ultra - High - Frequency (UHF) energy is concentrated within the frequency range of 100 MHz to 2 GHz. The frequency response of the sensor is contingent upon its size, shape, and the connection method employed. Most sensors are, in themselves, resonant structures at UHF frequencies, and this characteristic can be exploited to enhance performance. Typical sensors are depicted in the figure.Internal sensors are typically installed in a recess

What is Static Relay ？Definition: A relay that has no moving parts is referred to as a static relay. In this type of relay, the output is generated by static components such as magnetic and electronic circuits. Even if a relay combines static elements with an electromagnetic relay, it is still called a static relay. This is because the static units are responsible for sensing the input and generating a response, while the electromagnetic relay is merely utilized for the switching operation.The c

The partitioning of a Gas - Insulated Switchgear (GIS) is significantly influenced by the service continuity requirements during maintenance, repair, and extension activities. Additionally, local health and safety regulations must be taken into account.GIS should be divided into compartments in a way that: During various operations that necessitate the de - energization of certain parts of the GIS, such as maintenance, repair, and extension, the compartments taken out of service adhere to the us

The substation automation system (SAS), as its name implies, is distinguished by its capacity to substitute automated functions for manual operator tasks. Automated operations play a crucial role in guaranteeing the safe and reliable operation of electric power transmission and distribution. Its functions include, but are not limited to, monitoring, data collection, protection, control, and remote communication.Previously, Remote Terminal Units (RTUs) were solely employed as intermediaries betwe

A. Aerial MountingA1. Unit Capacities, Mounting Methods, and TypesFor aerial transformer installations, three - phase units or banked single - phase units can be used. Transformers, whether single or in banks, with an individual unit or combined capacity greater than 300 kVA shall not be mounted on a single wooden pole. Special structural considerations are required for single - pole installations with a capacity greater than 100 kVA.Pole - platform mounting (two - pole structure) will not be us

IoT and Edge Computing Technologies Enable Real-Time Perception Multi-Dimensional Sensor Networks: Future distribution transformers will integrate high-precision temperature sensors, vibration sensors, partial discharge sensors, and dissolved gas analysis (DGA) sensors to achieve comprehensive monitoring of equipment operating conditions. For example, ultrasonic sensors can detect partial discharge signals to identify insulation aging or internal defects in advance, preventing sudden failures. E

Rogowski coils offer highly accurate secondary outputs without the risk of saturation since they do not incorporate an iron core. The air - core design ensures linear measurement, although it generates only a relatively small voltage (1V as opposed to 100V). This characteristic enables a compact equipment layout and allows for easy integration into Gas - Insulated Switchgear (GIS) with minimal space requirements due to the absence of an iron core. Additionally, Rogowski coils exhibit high immuni