Dalilai na Kable Lines da Kula da Zinariya da Kiyaye Masu Aiki Sababi na Kable Lines da Kula da Zinariya da Kiyaye Masu Aiki

Sararin da 220 kV ta shi ne da yankin da ke da muhimmanci sosai a wajen birnin da ba ta da suka yi. A nan da ake amfani da ita a cikin yankunan gida na takalma masu sayarwa kamar Lanshan, Hebin, da Tasha Industrial Parks. Masu sarrafa abubuwan da ke da take da damu a cikin wannan yankunan - kamar silicon carbide, ferroalloy, da calcium carbide plants - suna haɗa da sararin da ke da take da damu a gwamnatin muni ga 83.87%. Sararin ya yi aiki a matsayin sararin da ke da take da damu a 220 kV, 110 kV, da 35 kV.

An yi aiki da zabe na 35 kV low-voltage side don in bayyana feeders zuwa ferroalloy da silicon carbide plants. Wannan tashar abubuwan da ke da take da damu suna haɗa da sararin, zabe mai tsawo, da karfiyar mutanen da ke da take da damu. Wadannan feeders suna haɗa da ake amfani da sabon kayan kable, da ake amfani da wurin kable da ke same. Saboda haka, idan an yi abin da a kan zabe, za a iya haifar da sararin. Wannan rubutun ya bincika babban abubuwan da ke da take da damu a kan zabe na 35 kV da kuma addinin da za a yi waɗanda suka haifar da su. A watan Fabrairu 2010, sararin da 220 kV ta shi ne a gwamnatin muni ya yi aiki da abin da suka haifar da su a 35 kV II bus da 35 kV III bus, kamar yadda aka bayyana a Kofin 1.

1 Binciken Babban Abubuwan da Ke Da Take da Damu a Kable Lines
Idan a duba tarihin da gwamnatin muni ta yi a shekarar 2010, babban abubuwan da ke da take da damu a cikin kable lines sun haɗa da:

• Tatarruwar hawa: A cikin wurare kamar Sanyou Chemical, yawan hawa a furnace transformers da kable terminations ya haifar da insulation breakdown. Wannan ya faru a kusan 18 abin da suka haifar da su, da ake bukata 15 cable terminations.

• Yawan kable mai tsawo a wurin kable: A cikin Rongsheng Yinbei Ferroalloy Plant, manhole covers suka haifar da kable a wurin, wanda ya haifar da short circuits da kasa, wanda ya haifar da kable na wasu wurare. Ake bukata 51 cable splices.

• Yawan abubuwan da ke da take da damu: Wurare kamar Huanghe Ferroalloy, Pengsheng Metallurgy, Lingyun Chemical, da Rongsheng Yinbei Ferroalloy suka yi aiki da kable da ke da take da damu a lokacin da yawan hawa, wanda ya haifar da cable aging da kuma yawan hawa. Idan a lokacin da yawan hawa, thermal stress ya haifar da insulation breakdown a kable da terminations, da ake bukata 50 cable terminations.

• Abin da suka haifar da damu: Excavators a lokacin da ake yi aiki da kasa suka haifar da kable, wanda ya haifar da fractures da kuma damage to insulation. Ake bukata 25 cable terminations da splices.

• Abin da suka haifar da damu a kable: Abin da suka haifar da damu a kable kamar air bubbles in insulation ko broken shielding a lokacin da ake buƙata su ya haifar da 9 accidents, da ake bukata 9 cable terminations da splices.

• Abin da suka haifar da damu a lokacin da ake buƙata kable: Yawan tension mai tsawo a lokacin da ake buƙata kable mai tsawo ya haifar da scraping by sharp objects, wanda ya haifar da 13 kable damage incidents.

• Abin da suka haifar da damu a lokacin da ake buƙata kable terminations: Babban abubuwan da ke da take da damu a lokacin da ake buƙata kable terminations, sannan ya haifar da moisture ingress in cable insulation. Ake bukata 16 cable splices da terminations.

• Surface discharge on cable terminations: Yawan abubuwan da ke da take da damu a high-energy-consuming plants ya haifar da contaminants settling on cable equipment. Dirty cable termination surfaces, combined with rain or humid weather, caused surface flashover, damaging insulation and leading to breakdowns. In such cases, 13 cable terminations were replaced.

2 Addimin Don In Iya Yi Aiki Da Abin Da Su Haifar Da Damu A Kable Grounding Faults
An yi addimin standard don in iya yi aiki da 35 kV cable grounding faults. Amma a gwamnatin muni, wadannan voltage-level lines suna haɗa da ake amfani da masu take da damu da yawan hawa (minimum 12,500 kVA), direct supply loads, heavy loading, da yawan hawa. 

Yawan hawa mai tsawo ya haifar da grid disturbances. Duk da haka, abin da suka haifar da damu a kable grounding faults suna haɗa da ake samu, da yake da ake yi aiki da su ya haifar da risks. Idan ba a yi aiki da su a lokacin da ake buƙata, za su iya haifar da grid safety, wanda ya haifar da yawan hawa a dispatchers. Wasu 35 kV customers suna haɗa da coal mines ko chemical plants - wadannan suna haɗa da critical users. Power outages for these users may lead to casualties, fires, or explosions. Therefore, customers are categorized as general or critical, with the following handling principles:

• For general customers (mainly silicon carbide and ferroalloy plants), once a faulted line is identified, contact the customer immediately to disconnect the load and de-energize the faulty line promptly. For non-cooperative customers, enforce load shedding with warning measures.

• For critical customers such as coal mines and chemical plants, instruct them to transfer loads to backup power sources. If no backup exists, prepare for outage before taking the faulty line out of service.

• Given the strong overload capability of smelting furnaces, for substations and lines operating under long-term heavy load, if current exceeds 90% of the current transformer rating, enhance monitoring, notify customers to reduce load, and implement a three-step process: notification → warning → forced load shedding, to ensure equipment safety.

• For customers with frequent cable failures, require enhanced line inspections and regular maintenance during scheduled outages, performed by qualified professional contractors to ensure reliable operation.

• Strict quality control from the source: For dedicated-line customers, require submission of all relevant documentation to the dispatch center and signing of a "Dispatch Agreement" before commissioning. Customers without a signed agreement or with incomplete/inadequate documentation shall not be connected to the grid.

• For cable trenches with excessive and dense cabling, recommend limiting cable numbers to prevent fault propagation and minimize incident escalation.

3 Conclusion
Safe grid operation requires not only careful dispatching and dedication but also proficient use of legal tools to protect both personnel and equipment. Especially when dealing with power customers, the "Dispatch Agreement" must be fully utilized to regulate customer behavior, ensure proper operation, and prevent disputes. It is essential to understand customer line characteristics, load profiles, capacities, and usage patterns in daily operations, enabling swift, accurate, and decisive fault response, and ensuring the safe and stable operation of the power grid.