Din Yadda Testoyi Da Duk Yi Kiransu Da Zan Iya Samun Sai Aka Tabbatar Da Su Cikin Turbin Masu Inganci?

Na gode da gaba, ina jin Oliver, kuma ina yi aiki a bangaren instrument transformer zuwa zaka biyar. Daga mutanen da ba suka fiye a cikin harkar, ina zama mafi kyau da za a iya gudanar da abubuwan da ba suka fiye. Ina shirata a cikin dozawa da dama na instrument transformer tare da zaman.

Gadan, ina son sanin: Kungiyoyi da yake da instrument transformer mai daidai ya bayyana wajen samun ita kafin haɗa kan ido ko kafin haɗa kan aiki? Idan, wani abin da yake da muhimmanci a cikin system din kuliya — ba da kyau a gudanar da wani abu da ba ta daidai ba.

1. Testin Insulation: Ana Daidai Shi ne?

Kadan da kuma mafi kyau, muna da testin insulation performance. Instrument transformers suna yi aiki a voltages masu ƙarfin like 35kV. Idan insulation bana daidai, zai iya haifar da wata matsaloli daga measurements da ba daidai ba zuwa short circuits ko kuma explosions.

Muna yi wasu key tests:

• Testin insulation resistance – tunan yi amfani da megohmmeter don ƙara insulation resistance a kan windings, wanda ya kamata ya kasance no less than 1000MΩ.

• Testin power frequency withstand voltage – maimaita extreme voltage conditions don ƙara a kan da transformer ya daidai a kan voltage surges masu ƙarfin da rated level a lokacin nan.

• Testin partial discharge – don ƙara a kan wata abubuwa da ba daidai ba a cikin kasa like bubbles ko cracks, wadannan zai iya haifar da wata abubuwa masu ƙarfin a lokacin aiki mai tsawon lokaci.

Ina yi waɗannan a cikin customer complaint inda transformer ya kusa da aiki a lokacin nan da ya kusa da aiki. Wannan root cause shine poor insulation treatment. Saboda haka wannan step ba zan iya sauka ba!

2. Testin Ratio and Error: Accuracy Yana Da Muhimmiyar!

Wani abin da yake da instrument transformer shine don accurately measure current and voltage, wanda yana nufin cewa ratio yake daidai, kuma error yake daidai a kan limits.

Muna karanta:

• Ratio test – verifying that the voltage and current ratio between the primary and secondary sides matches the design specifications.

• Error test (ratio error and phase error) – especially for metering-grade transformers, the error must be controlled within ±0.2%.

Duk da cewa customers sun ce, “My transformer looks fine, but the electricity bills never match.” Wannan shine muna yi ƙara cewa error ya kusa da limits. Saboda haka wannan step yana haifar da interests na user.

3. Testin Polarity: Idan Direction Ba Daidai Ba, Dukuna Ba Daidai Ba!

Ba ka jin wannan step ba — testin polarity yana da muhimmanci. Idan polarity na transformer ya kusa daidai, zai iya haifar da protective relay ya kusa daidai kuma zai iya haifar da protection system dukuna.

Muna amfani da DC method ko AC method don confirm polarity na transformer. Masu combined transformers, wadanda suna da voltage and current components, polarity yana daidai don sama daidai — saboda haka, system dukuna zai iya haifar daidai.

4. Testin Volt-Ampere Characteristic: “Ultimate Challenge” for Current Transformers

Wannan test yana daidai zuwa current transformer part. Volt-ampere characteristic yana nuna magnetization performance na iron core kuma tana taimakawa a ƙara cewa transformer ya daidai a kan fault current without saturation.

Muna zama-zama increase voltage, record changes in current, and draw the volt-ampere curve. Idan curve bana daidai, wannan yana nuna cewa ana problem with core, and the unit needs to be sent back for repair.

Ina rarrabe a project inda customer ya ce cewa protection system ya kusa daidai. Ba a ƙara cewa volt-ampere curve, muna ƙara cewa core ya kusa daidai — wanda shine root of the problem.

5. Testin Short Circuit and Open Circuit: Simulating Extreme Conditions

Don ƙara cewa performance na transformer a kan abnormal conditions, muna karanta:

• Secondary short circuit test – checking the protection performance of the voltage transformer when the secondary side is shorted.

• Secondary open circuit test – observing whether the current transformer generates overvoltage when open-circuited.

Wannan tests ba suka zama routine, amma suna da muhimmanci a cikin special applications, like important substations or new energy grid-connection projects.

6. Testin Temperature Rise: Can It Handle the Heat?

A lokacin aiki mai tsawon lokaci, instrument transformers suna haifar da heat. Idan heat dissipation design bana daidai ko materials bana daidai a kan high temperatures, zai iya haifar da insulation aging ko even burnout.

Muna simulate rated or even overloaded conditions and measure the temperature rise across different parts to ensure it stays within acceptable limits.

Wannan test yana da muhimmanci a cikin high-temperature environments or areas with high load demands.

7. Testin Sealing (for SF6 Transformers)

For SF6 gas-insulated combined instrument transformers, sealing test yana daidai. Idan gas leaks, yana haifar da insulation performance and also causes environmental pollution and can even endanger personal safety.

Muna amfani da infrared imaging leak detectors or gas leak detectors don thoroughly inspect all sealing surfaces and weld points.

8. Inspection of Appearance and Structure: Details Make the Difference

Ba ka jin wannan ba — inspection of appearance and structure yana da muhimmanci. Muna ƙara:

• Whether the housing is deformed or cracked

• Whether the terminal connections are tight and clearly marked

• Whether the nameplate information is accurate

• Whether the installation structure is reasonable

Tsunfi, muna ƙara loose grounding terminal a kan transformer. Duk da cewa yana da muhimmanci, idan ba a ƙara ba kuma a haɗa kan aiki, consequences zai iya haifar daidai.

Conclusion: Being Qualified Is Not the Goal — Safety Is the Foundation

As someone who has worked in the instrument transformer industry for eight years, I know firsthand that behind every qualified combined instrument transformer are layers of strict testing. Each test isn’t just a formality — it ensures that the equipment can operate stably, safely, and reliably in real-world conditions.

If you're in the industry, I hope this article helps you organize the testing process. And if you're a client or engineer, I hope it gives you a better understanding of what goes on behind the scenes with instrument transformers.

A qualified instrument transformer isn’t just about words — it’s truly “tested” into existence.

I’m Oliver — catch you next time for more instrument transformer insights. Bye!