Free Expert Guides on Power Systems, Circuit Design & Electrical Troubleshooting

What is Commissioning of Power Transformer ?Transformer Commissioning DefinitionTransformer commissioning is defined as the process of preparing a power transformer for service by conducting various tests and adjusting settings.Buchholz Relay TestBuchholz relay operation for alarm and trip should also be checked by injecting air to the test pocket provided in the relay.Low Oil Level Alarm TestThe low oil level alarm of the magnetic oil gauge should be checked.Temperature Indicator TestThe contac

What is the Maintenance of Transformers ?Maintenance of transformers is essential to ensure their safe, stable and efficient operation, and the following are some common maintenance measures:Periodic inspectionAppearance check: Check whether the transformer shell is damaged, deformed, and leaking oil.Oil temperature check: Use an oil temperature gauge to measure the oil temperature and ensure that it is within the normal range.Oil level check: Observe the oil level in the oil pillow. If the oil

What is Dissolved Gas Analysis (DGA) ?Dissolved Gas Analysis (DGA) DefinitionDissolved gas analysis of transformer oil is a technique to study gases produced under thermal and electrical stress in transformers.Gas Extraction MethodsUsing specialized equipment, gases are extracted and analyzed to diagnose the internal condition of a transformer.Indicative GasesCertain gases like hydrogen, methane, and ethylene signify specific types of thermal stresses based on their amounts and presence.CO and C

What is Transformer Acidity Test?Acidity Test DefinitionThe acidity test of transformer oil measures the amount of potassium hydroxide (KOH) needed to neutralize the acid in the oil.Causes of AcidityAcidity occurs due to oxidation, especially when oil contacts air, and is accelerated by heat and metals like iron and copper.Effects of AcidityHigher acidity lowers oilresistivity, increases the dissipation factor, and can harm transformer insulation.Acidity Test Kit ComponentsWe can determine the a

What is Transformer Water Content Test?Water Content Test DefinitionThe water content test in insulating oil is defined as a process using Karl Fischer Titration to measure water levels.Karl Fischer PrincipleTo measure water content in insulating oil, we use Karl Fischer Titration. In this method, water (H2O) reacts chemically with iodine (I2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), an organic base (C5H5C), and alcohol (CH3OH) in an organic solvent.The sample is mixed with sulfur dioxide, iodide ions, and an org

What is Oil Immersed Electrical Equipment?Transformer Oil Sampling DefinitionTransformer oil sampling is defined as the process of collecting a sample of oil from a transformer or other oil-immersed electrical equipment for analysis.Importance of Oil SamplingRegular oil sampling helps detect potential problems, ensuring the reliability and efficiency of transformers.Sampling FrequencyThe frequency of transformer oil sampling depends on several factors, such as: The type and size of the transform

What are Transformer Accessories ?Breather DefinitionWhen the temperature of transformer insulating oil changes, the oil expands or contracts, causing air exchange when the transformer is fully loaded. As the transformer cools, the oil level drops, and air is absorbed. This process is called breathing, and the device that manages it is the breather. Silica gel breathers control moisture levels entering the equipment during these volume changes.Conservator Tank PurposeA conservator tank provides

What is a Transformer Core?Transformer Core DefinitionA vital component of the transformer, it is responsible for providing the magnetic circuit to direct the magnetic field and convert the electromagnetic energy from the primary side to the secondary side. The design and quality of the core directly affect the efficiency, performance and life of the transformer.The role of the iron core Providing magnetic circuit: The iron core provides a low reluctance path for the magnetic field in the transf

What is Transformer Cooling System?Transformer Cooling System DefinitionA transformer cooling system is defined as methods used to dissipate heat generated in transformers to prevent damage and ensure efficiency.Components of the cooling systemRadiators or CoolersProvides a large area of heat exchange surface, so that the heat in the oil can be transferred to the surrounding air or water.FansAccelerate air flow and improve heat dissipation efficiency.Oil PumpsIn a forced oil circulation system,

What are the On Load and No Load Tap Changer?DefinitionThe on-load tap-changer and no-load tap-changer of a transformer are devices used to regulate the output voltage of the transformer.Load Tap Changer (LTC)Effect Change tap position under load: The tap position can be adjusted when the transformer is under load without interrupting the power supply. Adjust the output voltage: Adjust the output voltage by changing the transformer ratio to adapt to different load requirements.Peculiarity Flexib