Free Expert Guides on Power Systems, Circuit Design & Electrical Troubleshooting

A chopper is a device that converts a fixed direct - current (DC) voltage into a variable DC voltage. Self - commutated devices, such as Metal - Oxide - Semiconductor Field - Effect Transistors (MOSFETs), Insulated - Gate Bipolar Transistors (IGBTs), power transistors, Gate - Turn - Off Thyristors (GTOs), and Integrated Gate - Commutated Thyristors (IGCTs), are commonly used in the construction of choppers. These devices can be turned on or off directly via a gate control signal using low - powe

DefinitionA drive that utilizes electrical power to propel forward is known as an electric traction drive. One of the primary applications of an electric drive is the transportation of people and goods from one location to another. Traction drives are predominantly categorized into two types: the single - phase AC traction drive and the DC traction drive.Electric Traction ServicesElectric traction services can be broadly categorized as follows: Electric trains Main - Line Trains Suburban Trai

DefinitionAn electrical drive system is defined as a mechanism designed to regulate the speed, torque, and direction of an electric motor. While each electrical drive system may possess unique characteristics, they also share several common features.Electrical Drive SystemsThe figure below illustrates the typical configuration of a plant - level power distribution network. In this setup, the electrical drive system draws its incoming alternating - current (AC) supply from a Motor Control Center

Reluctance torque, also known as alignment torque, is a phenomenon experienced by ferromagnetic objects when placed within an external magnetic field. This torque acts to align the ferromagnetic object with the direction of the external magnetic field. When exposed to an external magnetic field, the ferromagnetic object generates an internal magnetic field in response. The interaction between this induced internal magnetic field and the external magnetic field gives rise to reluctance torque, co

DefinitionA negative sequence relay, also known as an unbalance phase relay, is designed to safeguard the electrical system against negative sequence components. Its primary function is to protect generators and motors from unbalanced loads, which typically arise due to phase - to - phase faults. When such faults occur, the negative sequence components can cause excessive heating and mechanical stress in electrical machines, potentially leading to severe damage if not properly addressed.Working

Sequence NetworkDefinitionThe sequence impedance network is defined as an equivalent balanced network for a balanced power system under a hypothetical operating condition, where only a single sequence component of voltage and current exists within the system. Symmetrical components play a crucial role in calculating unsymmetrical faults at various nodes of a power system network. Additionally, the positive sequence network is fundamental for load flow studies in power systems.Every power system

A synchronous motor operates at a constant synchronous speed, irrespective of the load. Now, let's examine the impact of load variation on the motor. Suppose a synchronous motor is initially running with a leading power factor. The phasor diagram corresponding to the leading power factor is presented as follows:When the load on the shaft is increased, the rotor experiences a momentary slowdown. This occurs because it takes some time for the motor to draw the additional power from the electrical

What is Voltage Surge？DefinitionVoltage surge is defined as a sudden and excessive rise in voltage that can damage the electrical equipment within an installation. Overvoltages in power lines occur due to an increase in voltage between phases or between a phase and ground. Voltage surges are mainly categorized into two broad types: internal and external voltages.Types of Voltage SurgesOvervoltages in a power station can be triggered either by internal disturbances or by atmospheric phenomena. Ba

Methods of Voltage Control in Power SystemThe voltage within a power system is subject to variation in accordance with load fluctuations. Typically, the voltage is elevated during light - load periods and reduced under heavy - load conditions. To maintain the system voltage within acceptable limits, additional equipment is necessary. This equipment serves to increase the voltage when it is low and decrease it when it is overly high. The following are the methods employed in power systems for vol

A substation supplies energy to the local area where the power lines are located. Its primary function is to gather the high - voltage energy transmitted from the generating station and then step down the voltage to a suitable level for local distribution. Additionally, it provides facilities for switching operations.There are two main types of substations. One is the simple switching - type substation, which is responsible for establishing different connections between transmission lines. The o