Bistanyarî û Parastina Stabil û Behdaniyê da Destpêkirina Kabelên Komunikasyon ji bo Herêmên Parastin
Daqaqên informasyonê û zekavetîn di serdabûna derîn de, daqaqên parastina, wekî tayanên esasî yên pêrgiryanên komunikasyonê, stabîlîtî û ewlehiyayê wan direkten çend bikin êz bi rehberiyekekirina informasyonê û efektivîyeti operasyonê infrastruktûr. Buna, analîza qeyşên asayî (peykirina tenê li gorî xweser, dizaynê kompatîbilîtiya elektromagnetîk, kontrola precîzyonê karkirina) di serdabûna daqaqên komunikasyonê de dîsa jî nîşana baha mühendisî.
1 Qeyşên Asayî ser Karkirina Daqaqên Komunikasyonê di Serdabûna Daqaqan
1.1 Pirsgiriyek Daqaqan
Struktûran wekî şepilên/foilên parastina elektromagnetîk, heta yê ne peyker di tevahî frekanseya hergirînan de, piçûlkên impedansa xusûl dikin, ku biha istikrar û rastînîya sinyalê çend bike. Materyalan da ke wergerîn bixwe (izolyasyona plastik fluor, armoring metal) vebijêrkên malper û seddeya bexwe bibin, lê hardî û rigîdan mezin wan bi fleksibîlitîya karkirina çend bike, ku bi wateyê çapka izolyasyon û armoring bigire, ku biha çend bike çêtîna karkirina.
1.2 Xarîta û Tersandina Anti-Interference
Di cihane destûrên serdabûnan de, heta yê xetên berzetî û xetên zêdetir li ser pirziman de kirin, sazan elektromagnetîkên alternatîf li ser xetên berzetî biha coupling, ku biha distorsyon û zêdike sinyalên zêdetir çend bike. Tersandina serdabûna çewtî yên xebitandin di cihanên mirî de electromagnetic coupling di navên xetan de zêdetir, ku biha problemên crosstalk çend bike. Tersandina parastina û grounding (ne bi rehberiya single-point/equipotential connection) biha ground loop currents ji anjamen potansiyel, ku interference zêdetir bikin û istikrarîya sistemê ya komunikasyonê tehdît bike.
1.3 Serafirîna Precîzyonê
Karkirina nehatî yên daqaqên parastin daqaqan parastin dikin û ya nehatî yên grounding nedarast dikin, ku biha resistance û damage û leakage û shielding efficiency zêdetir bikin. Tersandina fireproof sealing (gap di fireproof mud de) ne biha flames û smoke çend bike. Tersandina moisture-proof sealing (bubbles/uneven adhesive) biha moisture seep in, ku biha insulation aging û conductor corrosion, ku biha reliability û safety û komunikasyon sistema tehdît bike.
2 Noktan û Kontrola Kaliteyê li Ser Karkirina Daqaqên Komunikasyonê di Serdabûna Daqaqan
2.1 Pirsgiriyek Daqaqan û Inspeksiyon Materyal
Pirsgiriyek daqaqan divê bihêvînin li serdabûna daqaqan: Ji bo parastina elektromagnetîk, bikar bînin daqaqan mesh copper (braiding density ≥ 90%) û double-shielded (foil + braided) structures biha anti-interference high-frequency. Ji bo vebijêrkên malper (temp, humidity), bikar bînin cables polyimide insulated (temp resistance ≥ 200 °C) û IP68-rated sealed oil-filled cables. Inspeksiyon materyal: Copper conductors divê bihêvînin purity (≥ 99.99%), elongation (20% - 24%), û cross-section deviation (± 0.5%) standards. Shielding layers test for coverage, elongation at break (≥ 300%), û shielding resistance (≤ 0.5 Ω/m at 100 kHz) to ensure basic performance.
2.2 Xarîta û Laying
Xarîta bihêvînin li serdabûna partition isolation/anti-interference principles: Strong-current, weak-current, û signal power cables laid in separate trays (spacing ≥ 500 mm). Metal partitions at intersections block coupling. Sensitive signal cables use independent shielding pipes, avoiding parallel laying with power cables for > 10 m to reduce high-frequency interference. During laying, traction tension is controlled within 80% of cable allowable tension to prevent insulation damage.
2.3 Connection û Termination Quality Control
Shielded termination uses 360° full-circumference crimping, keeping contact resistance with connector shells ≤ 0.05 Ω, and passing 30 MHz - 1 GHz shielding attenuation tests (attenuation ≥ 60 dB) to ensure shielding integrity. For welding, use 3% - 5% silver-containing tin alloy solder, control temperature at 260 °C ± 10 °C, and cool for ≥ 30 s to ensure sound solder joints. Grounding uses single-end grounding at the signal source, keeping resistance < 1 Ω to avoid ground loops.
2.4 Protective Measures Implementation
For electromagnetic shielding, seal wall-penetrating holes with beryllium copper reeds + shielding flanges to match wall shielding efficiency and block leakage. Encapsulate cable joints in metal shielding boxes, connecting boxes to cable shields via welding/crimping, and fill gaps with conductive adhesive (conductivity ≥ 10⁴ S/m) for proper shielding.
In environmental protection: Fireproof sealing combines fire-resistant bags and mud (thickness ≥ 200 mm, meeting UL 1479). Moisture-proof sealing uses three-layer waterproof tape (butyl rubber, PVC, self-vulcanizing rubber) at joints, passing 24-hour immersion tests (insulation resistance drop ≤ 10%). When crossing vibration areas, install metal hoses (10 Hz - 2000 Hz, amplitude ≤ 0.5 mm) with ≤ 500 mm spacing for mechanical protection against vibration-induced damage.
3 Conclusion
By analyzing core difficulties (electromagnetic shielding failure, poor environmental adaptability, construction precision issues) and discussing quality control points, protective space communication cable installation quality can be ensured. Future research can focus on intelligent monitoring (IoT-based real-time cable status evaluation, digital twin simulation platforms) to predict quality risks proactively, enhancing communication system safety/stability in protective spaces.
