Pormal nga mga Procedimiento alang sa Pag-handle sa Mga Kasagaran ug Defect sa Substation

I. Pag-manage sa Fault

(1) Basic nga mga Prinsipyo sa Paghunahuna sa Fault

• Pabilis na pag-limitar sa pag-develop sa fault, pagwala sa root cause, ug pagwala sa mga banta sa personal, power grid, ug equipment safety.

• Pag-adjust ug pagbalik sa normal nga modo sa operasyon sa power grid. Kon ang grid mi-split, pabilis na ibalik ang synchronization.

• Pag-maintain sa operasyon sa maayo nga equipment ug siguraduhon ang continuous nga power supply sa importante nga users, plant service loads, ug substation auxiliary power.

• Pabilis na ibalik ang power supply sa mga de-energized nga users ug equipment.

(2) Mga Proseso sa Paghunahuna sa Fault

• Ang mga Operation and maintenance (O&M) personnel mahimong mag-arrive sa site pabilis para sa preliminary inspection ug judgment, ug ipabiling ang kondisyon sa panahon, monitoring information, ug brief summary sa protective relay actions sa dispatch ug control personnel.

• Kon may work ongoing sa site, ipa-stop ang trabaho ug preserve ang scene; determine kon ang trabaho related sa fault.

• Kon ang auxiliary power sa substation nawala o ang sistema mawala ang neutral grounding point, bag-ohi ang operating mode ug adjust ang relay protection settings batas sa dispatch instructions.

• Conduct a detailed inspection of protective relay and automatic safety device signals, including fault phase, fault location, and other fault data. Reset signals, comprehensively analyze the fault nature, location, and affected power outage range, then inspect equipment within the protection zone. Report findings to dispatch and superior management.

• Pagkahibalo han fault nga equipment, isolate ang fault point batas sa dispatch ug balik ang power sa unaffected equipment.

(3) Mga Requisito sa Paghunahuna sa Fault

Immediate Reporting:

Kon nag-occur ang system fault, ang relevant O&M units mahimong mag-report immediate sa corresponding dispatch center:

• Fault occurrence time;

• Changes in the status of primary equipment at the substation after the fault;

• Kon ang uban pa ang parameters sa equipment (voltage, current, power) exceed limits, ug kon ang uban pa ang equipment requires emergency control;

• Kondisyon sa panahon ug uban pa directly observable phenomena.

Manned Substations:

• Within 5 minutes: Report protective relay and automatic safety (referred to as "safety control") device actions, fault type, circuit breaker tripping, and reclosing operation status.

• Within 15 minutes: Provide a preliminary inspection of primary and secondary equipment, confirm whether protection and safety control devices operated correctly, and determine if test energization is feasible.

• Within 30 minutes: Report all protective relay actions, fault location results, and transmit event records, fault oscillography, fault reports, and on-site photos as required by dispatch.

• Unmanned Substations:

• Within 10 minutes (Monitoring Center): Report protective relay and safety control actions, fault type, circuit breaker tripping and reclosing status, and notify O&M personnel to proceed to the site.

• Within 20 minutes (Monitoring Center): Report all protective relay actions and fault location results; confirm whether all protection and safety control devices operated correctly; determine if remote test energization is feasible based on conditions.

• Within 20 minutes after O&M personnel arrive on site: Provide a preliminary inspection of primary and secondary equipment. If the faulty equipment remains out of service, on-site personnel shall confirm test energization feasibility, supplement the report on all protective actions and fault location, and transmit event records, fault oscillography, fault reports, and on-site photos as required.
  Note: Reporting time requirements may vary slightly among different dispatching authorities; always follow the specific requirements of the responsible dispatch center.

II. Pag-manage sa Defect

(1) Classification sa Defect

Critical Defects
Defects that directly threaten safe operation and must be handled immediately; otherwise, they may lead to equipment damage, personal injury, widespread blackouts, or fire at any moment.

Serious Defects
Defects posing serious threats to personnel or equipment that can temporarily remain in service but must be addressed as soon as possible.

General Defects
All other defects not classified as critical or serious—typically minor in nature, with limited impact on safe operation.

(2) Identification, Documentation, and Reporting of Defects

• Defects identified by maintenance or testing personnel shall be promptly communicated to O&M personnel.

• After discovery, the O&M team shall classify the defect according to established standards and initiate the defect management process promptly.

• When registering defects in the PMS (Production Management System), entries must strictly follow the defect standard library and actual field conditions, including: main equipment, component, component type, defect location, description, and classification basis.

• For defects not covered in the standard library, classification shall be based on actual conditions, with clear documentation of the defect details.

• For defects that cannot be clearly classified, the higher-level unit shall organize a review to determine the classification.

• Critical or serious defects that may affect the operation mode of primary/secondary equipment or centralized monitoring shall be reported to the corresponding dispatch personnel. Until resolved, O&M personnel shall increase inspection frequency.

(3) Handling of Defects

• Defect Handling Timeframes:

• Critical defects: resolved within 24 hours;

• Serious defects: resolved within 1 month;

• General defects requiring outage: resolved within one maintenance cycle;

• General defects not requiring outage: resolved within 3 months (in principle).

• Upon discovering a critical defect, immediately notify dispatch personnel to take emergency measures.

• Before critical or serious defects are resolved, the O&M unit shall develop preventive measures and emergency response plans based on the defect condition.

• For defects affecting remote control operations, prompt handling is required. Both before and after resolution, the dispatch center must be informed, and records maintained. Remote control tests may be conducted in coordination with the dispatch center if necessary.

(4) Verification of Defect Resolution (Acceptance)

• After defect handling, O&M personnel shall conduct on-site verification to confirm the defect has been eliminated.

• Upon successful acceptance, after maintenance personnel have recorded the handling details in the PMS, O&M personnel shall enter the acceptance comments into the PMS to complete the closed-loop management process.