Kadda Zama Da Farkon Ikkita na Tausayi? Koyarren Da Duk Mu Fara

Tattalin Hadin Da Dukkanta Masana’antu na Rectifier

Masana’antun rectifier suna da kayayyakin da dama, kuma kowane wani na musamman yana taimakawa hanyar zama. Saboda haka, ya kamata a yi tattalin hadin da dukkanta a kan gaba-gaban abin da ake fadada.

• Zama Tatsuniyar Karamin Kirkiya Don Iyaninta Rectifier
  Abubuwan da suka fito masana’antar rectifier su ne abubuwa da ke ciki da karamin kirkiya AC/DC mai karshe. Zawacce da take faruwa a kan karamin kirkiya yana taimakawa hanyar zama haddinin masana’antar rectifier. A zama tatsuniyar karamin kirkiya daidai, za mu iya kadan zawace da take faruwa a kan lashe karamin kirkiya kuma ya ba da damar masana’antar rectification. A gaba-gaban, don ilimi da ke samu karshen caustic soda kadan 60,000 toni a shekarar, an sa shi a zama karamin kirkiya ta 10 kV (ko 6 kV). Don ilimi da ke samu karshen da yake fi 60,000 toni a shekarar, ya kamata a yi amfani da karamin kirkiya ta 35 kV. Don ilimi da ke samu karshen da yake fi 120,000 toni a shekarar, ya kamata a yi amfani da karamin kirkiya ta 110 kV ko karamin kirkiya mai yawa.

• Amfani da Transformer Mai Tsarki Don Tatsuniya Ta Hanyar Amfani Da Karamin Kirkiya
  Saboda misalai na amfani da karamin kirkiya, tatsuniyar karamin kirkiya na transformer ya kamata a zama da karamin kirkiya na amfani. Tatsuniyar tsarki mai yawa yana nuna mafi girma a kan karamin kirkiya na mafi girma, wanda yake da damar zama tsarin jawabi da karamin kirkiya. Idan ana iya, ya kamata a yi amfani da karamin kirkiya mai yawa da kuma transformer mai tsarki don zama hanyar amfani da karamin kirkiya.

• Kudeta Tsari Na Tap-Changing Na Transformer Na Rectifier
  Tsari na tap-changing yana taimakawa hanyar zama jawabin transformer; tsari mai kuda yana ba da damar zama. Ba ya kamata a yi kudeti tsari (misali, zuwa 30%-105%) saboda hakan da ke taimaka wa ci gaba-gaban amfani. Bayan a yi amfani da kafin kafin, transformers tare da yake yi amfani da 80%-100%, kuma akwai tsari mai yawa wanda ke taimaka wa zama. Tsari mai 70%-105% yana da kyau. Idan a yi amfani da star-delta switching da karamin kirkiya mai yawa da thyristor voltage regulation, za a iya kudeta haka zuwa 80%-100%, wanda yake da damar zama jawabi da karamin kirkiya.

• Amfani da Transformer Mai Tsarki Na Oil-Immersed Self-Cooled
  Amfani da transformer mai tsarki na oil-immersed self-cooled yana taimaka wa zama energy da ke ciki da fans. Idan manufacturers suka yi amfani da forced oil-air cooling don transformer da karamin kirkiya mai yawa, za a iya kudeta radiators. Idan a yi amfani da installation mai gaba-gaba, za a iya taimaka wa zama heat dissipation, kuma transformer yana iya yi amfani da karamin kirkiya bili ga forced cooling.

• Bayyana "Planar Integrated" Installation Don Abubuwan Rectifier Equipment
  Idan a bayyana transformer na rectifier, cabinet, da electrolyzer a kan "planar integrated" manner, za a iya kudeta length na AC/DC busbars, kuma zama resistive losses da kuma zama system efficiency. Idan a yi amfani da abin da suka biyo, za a iya bayyana kowane abu a kan level daidai da kuma zuwa gabashin, kuma zama compact unit. Idan a yi amfani da side output na transformer da karamin kirkiya zuwa cabinet da busbars mai tsarki da 1.2 meters, kuma idan a yi amfani da bottom output na cabinet da karamin kirkiya zuwa electrolyzer da underground busbars.

• Sakamako Flexible Connections Don Busbar Installation
  "Planar integrated" layout yana nuna short busbar connections bayan transformer da cabinet, da kuma across DC knife switches, kuma zama thermal expansion. Rigid connections yana da kyau, kuma zama safety bili ga sakamakon losses associated with flexible connectors da kuma additional joints, kuma zama efficiency.

• Amfani da Lower Busbar Current Density
  Economic current density na AC/DC busbars yana 1.2–1.5 A/mm². Idan a zama current density (1.2 A/mm², ko kuma 1.0 A/mm²) za a iya zama energy savings.

• Amfani da Busbars Na Height-to-Width Ratio Mai Yawa Da 12
  Busbars na height-to-width ratio mai yawa da 12 yana nuna surface area mai yawa don heat dissipation, kuma zama operating temperatures, better conductivity, lower resistive losses, da kuma higher unit efficiency.

• Apply Vaseline to Busbar Compression Joints
  Ensure adequate contact area at busbar joints (keeping current density below 0.1 A/mm²), and maintain a flat, smooth surface. Apply vaseline to prevent copper oxidation and poor contact, which increases power loss. Do not use conductive grease, as its oil base evaporates at high temperatures, causing the semi-metallic compound to harden and lose conductivity, leading to additional heating.

• Select Silicon Rectifier Cabinets Appropriately
  Silicon diode rectifier cabinets are 3–4% more efficient than thyristor cabinets. When multiple rectifier cabinets operate in parallel, incorporating one silicon cabinet can further reduce consumption and improve efficiency.

• Use Rectifier Cabinets with High-Current Devices
  Using 2–3 high-current devices per bridge arm improves current sharing, reduces device power losses, and increases rectification efficiency.

• Adopt Numerical Control (NC) Rectifier Control Cabinets
  NC control enables more precise rectifier triggering, smaller DC voltage ripple, and higher DC current stability. This benefits electrolyzer operation and improves electrolysis efficiency.

• Operate Thyristors in Full Conduction Mode
  During operation, keep the thyristor's firing angle below 10° to maintain near-full conduction. This minimizes the thyristor rectifier's internal losses and maximizes its efficiency.

• Reduce the Thyristor Rectifier Cabinet's Margin Angle
  The margin angle (overlap angle) is closely related to the rectifier system's natural power factor. A smaller margin angle results in a higher power factor (especially when the firing angle α is small). During commissioning, minimize the margin angle while ensuring reliable operation. A small α keeps the thyristors near full conduction.

• Use Two or More Rectifier Transformers in Parallel
  For high-power DC loads, use two or more rectifier transformers in parallel. This reduces the equivalent reactance and the circulating current during transformer transfer, decreasing total losses and improving efficiency.

• Use DC Knife Switches with Higher Rated Currents
  DC knife switches generate significant heat under full load. Selecting a switch with a rated current one grade higher provides energy savings. For example, use a 31,500 A switch for a 25,000 A load, or a 40,000 A switch for a 30,000 A load.

• Use Energy-Efficient Large DC Current Sensors
  Some large DC sensors require an AC power supply for zero-flux comparison, consuming additional energy. Hall-effect sensors are preferable; they directly output a 0–1 V DC signal to the display instrument without consuming extra power.

• Design for Multi-Phase Rectification
  Use multi-phase rectification where possible. Employ 6-pulse rectification (three-phase bridge or dual reverse-star with balancing reactor, both in co-phase inverse parallel) on single transformers. For two or more transformers, use equivalent 12-pulse or 18-pulse rectification. This effectively suppresses low-order harmonics, improving rectifier efficiency.