Karamin Duniya ko Karamin Zama

Makarantar Karamin Kirki (Karamin Tafiya)

Karamin kirki, wanda ake kira karamin tafiya, shine mafi girman muhimmiyar da ke cikin abubuwan sauki na karamin kirki. Yana nuna wata ko kadan daga kadan da suka yi wa gaba ta karamin kirki, suka zama zuwa birnin da yake da suka. Waɗannan karamin suka fi sani da sauka masu hanyar tafiya a kan gyale-gyale.

Muhimmin karamin tafiya shine bayyana karamin kirki daban-daban da za su iya haifar da karamin kirki na musamman. Ta haka, ta tafiya tasirin karamin kirki da shi a kan tafiya, ya baka karamin kirki mai muhimmanci daga fadada za su iya haifar da shi, kuma ta kasance tushen ci gaba da karamin kirki. Ya kamata a duba cewa idan an yi nasara a kan tafiya, ba ake amfani da karamin tafiya don kawo al'amuran tafiya, wanda suka faruwa saboda abubuwan da suka faruwa a kan karamin kirki.

Idan an haifar da karamin tafiya a kan tsakiyar karamin tafiya, zai faruwa al'amuran karamin da za su gaba da hagu-hagu a kan karamin. Waɗannan al'amuran zai gama zuwa birni-birni masu karamin, wanda suka yi da hukuma a kan karamin da suka gaba da hagu-hagu a kan tafiya. Amma, darajan da karamin tafiya yake da ita ta shahara a kan abu mai muhimmanci: kafin karamin birnin da tafiya ya kasance da karshe. Idan yana da karshe, za su iya haifar da karamin tafiya da kuma karamin kirki, kuma zai iya haifar da al'amuran karamin da za su iya haifar da karamin kirki.

Idan kafin karamin birnin da tafiya ya kasance da karshe, kuma karamin tafiya ko karamin birnin an haifar da shi, zai faruwa potential da yake da karshe. Wannan potential da yake da karshe zai iya haifar da flashover daga birnin zuwa karamin kirki. Wannan matsalolin shine back flashover.

Back flashover zai faruwa idan hasban da karamin birnin da karshe da karamin birnin yake da karshe, za su iya haifar da levels da suka da isolasi na karamin kirki. Don in kusa da wannan risk, babu hikima da ke ciki shine koyon kafin karamin birnin da tafiya. A wurare da yake da karshe, an yi amfani da driven rods da counterpoises.

Counterpoise shine karamin da ake koyar a kan tafiya, kuma ana yi da galvanized steel. Don karamin terminal na tsakiya, counterpoise yana da matsayin terminal na tafiya mai mahimmanci. Rokin yake shine koyon surge impedance na tafiya da kuma koyon coupling bayan karamin tafiya da karamin, kuma tana daidaita suna daidaita da karamin tafiya.

A cikin karamin kirki, akwai nau'o'i biyu na counterpoises da ake amfani da su: parallel counterpoise da radial counterpoise.

Parallel Counterpoise

Parallel counterpoise shine karamin biyu ko kadan daga kadan da ake koyar a kan tafiya tun daga karamin kirki. Waɗannan karamin counterpoise suna koyar da karamin tafiya a kan karamin birnin da karamin pole. Wannan kyau yana taimakawa da koyon karamin da za su faruwa a kan tafiya, kuma tana koyon karshe da potential da za su faruwa da karamin kamar da koyon karshe da back flashover.

Radial Counterpoise

Radial counterpoise shine series da karamin da suka gaba da hagu-hagu daga karamin birnin legs. Adadin da karamin da kuma girman da suka gaba da hagu-hagu suka daidaita da lokacin da aka da karamin birnin da kafin tafiya. Waɗannan abubuwa suna daidaita da koyon kafin karamin birnin da tafiya da kuma koyon karamin tafiya na karamin kirki.

Shielding ko Protective Angle

Shielding ko protective angle shine angular measurement bayan vertical alignment na karamin tafiya da karamin kirki. Ba amsa, wannan angle ya faruwa a kan line da ke gaba da karamin tafiya da karamin kirki. Wannan angle yana da muhimmanci a kan design da kuma assessment na karamin tafiya, kuma tana daidaita da karamin tafiya da kuma koyon karamin kirki.

Optimizing Shielding and Earth Wire Configurations

Don in koyon shielding a kan tafiya, ya kamata a koyon protective angle. Angles da suka faruwa a kan 20° da 30° suka da muhimmanci da kuma safe don in koyon protection. Ingineeri suka juye setting protective angle a kan 40°, saboda yana koyon karshe da lightning strike da karamin kirki.

A cikin high-voltage power systems, wanda suka da karamin da suka da space da karamin, two-wire earth wire setup an yi amfani da shi. Wannan kyau yana da muhimmanci da kuma koyon karamin tafiya. An yi amfani da biyu karamin tafiya don in koyon karamin tafiya da kuma koyon electrical advantages. Surge impedance na two-wire earth system yana da low, kuma tana koyon lightning-induced electrical surges. Da kuma presence of two wires yana koyon coupling effect between the earth wires and the phase conductors. Wannan enhanced coupling yana koyon balance electrical charges, kuma tana koyon overvoltages da kuma koyon reliability da resilience na high-voltage transmission infrastructure.