Koginijen | Kwallon Jiki da Tufafi

Cogeneration tana da shi ne combined heat and power ko kuma combine heat and power. Kamar yadda aka sani, cogeneration na iya haɗa wasu hanyoyi biyu na energy daga takalma ɗaya na fuel. Daga cikin hanyoyi biyu, zan iya ce daya ya fi shi da heat ko thermal energy, kuma mafi yawan ya fi shi da electrical ko mechanical energy.

Cogeneration ita ce hanyar da ya fi shi da fuel da ke gaskiya, mai amanin, mai kyau, da kuma daidai a yi amfani da fuel. Fuel da ake amfani da shi zan iya ce gas ta tsakiyar jama'a, oil, diesel, propane, dogon kofar, bassage, coal, da sauransu. Yana yi waɗannan a kan hukumar da ya fi shi da rayuwa, wanda ya ƙunshi ya yi electric energy, kuma wannan electric energy ya ƙunshi ya yi heat, kuma wannan heat ya ƙunshi ya yi steam, don haɗa masana, ko kuma don tsirriyar gwamnati.

A cikin gwamnatin da ake samu, ana ƙara fuel a cikin boiler, wanda ya ƙunshi ya ci high pressure steam. Wannan high pressure steam na iya haɗa tribune, wanda ya ƙunshi ya haɗa alternator, kuma haɗa alternator don ya ƙunshi ya ci electric energy.

Wannan exhaust steam na iya haɗa condenser, inda ya ƙunshi ya ci ruwa, kuma ya bace zuwa boiler don ya ƙunshi ya ci electric energy. Zan iya ce da tsari na gwamnatin da ake samu shine 35% kawai. A cikin cogeneration plant, low pressure steam daga turbine ba a ci ruwa, amma anamana a yi amfani da shi don haɗa masana ko tsirriyar gwamnati, saboda wannan low pressure steam daga turbine na da thermal energy mai kyau.

Tsari na cogeneration plant na iya haɗa 80 - 90%. A India, yadda ake amfani da cogeneration plant don ya ƙunshi ya ci electric energy shine kadan 20,000 MW. An samu da karamin cogeneration plant a New York a shekarar 1882 ta Thomas Edison.

Kamar yadda ake nuna a diagram, a cikin gwamnatin da ake samu, idan an yi fuel a kan input, ana ƙunshi ya ci electric energy da losses, amma a cikin cogeneration, idan an yi fuel a kan input, ana ƙunshi ya ci electric energy, heat ko thermal energy, da kuma losses.

A cikin gwamnatin da ake samu, idan an yi 100% na energy a kan input, ana ƙunshi ya ci 45% na energy, kuma lalace 55% ana ci losses, amma a cikin cogeneration, ana ƙunshi ya ci 80% na energy, kuma losses suna ƙunshi 20% kawai. Yana nufin cewa a cikin cogeneration, amfani da fuel na da tsari da ƙarfi, kuma da ƙarfi da shi da kyau.

Abubuwan da Cogeneration Na Iya Haɗa

• Cogeneration tana da shi ne da tsari da ƙarfi gwamnati.

• Cogeneration tana ƙarin haɗa abinci mai girgizar da suka haɗa particulate matter, nitrous oxides, sulphur dioxide, mercury, da kuma carbon dioxide, wadanda suka ƙunshi ya haɗa greenhouse effect.

• Tana ƙarin haɗa cost of production da ƙarfi productivity.

• Cogeneration system tana ƙarin haɗa water consumption da water costs.

• Cogeneration system na da tsari da ƙarfi da gwamnatin da ake samu.

Abubuwan da Cogeneration Power Plants Su Ne

A cikin Combined heat and power plant system, akwai steam ko gas turbine wanda ya ƙunshi ya ci steam, kuma ya haɗa alternator. An samu waste heat exchanger a cikin cogeneration plant, wanda ya ƙunshi ya ci excess heat ko exhaust gas daga electric generator don ya ƙunshi ya ci steam ko hot water.
Yana da nau'ukan biyu na cogeneration power plants, kamar-

• Topping cycle power plant

• Bottoming cycle power plant

Topping Cycle Power Plant

A cikin Combine Heat and Power plant, electric energy na ƙunshi a kafin, kuma anamana an yi amfani da waste ko exhaust steam don haɗa ruwa ko masana. Akwai nau'ukan hudu na topping cycles.

1. Combined-cycle topping CHP plant- A cikin nau'in plant, an ƙara fuel a cikin steam boiler. Steam da ake ƙunshi a cikin boiler, ana haɗa turbine, kuma ya ƙunshi ya haɗa synchronous generator, wanda ya ƙunshi ya ci electric energy. Exhaust daga turbine na iya haɗa usable heat, ko kuma zan iya haɗa heat recovery system don ya ƙunshi ya ci steam, wanda za a yi amfani da shi don haɗa secondary steam turbine.

2. Steam-turbine topping CHP Plant- A cikin nau'in, an ƙara fuel don ya ƙunshi ya ci steam, wanda ya ƙunshi ya ci electric energy. Exhaust steam na iya haɗa low-pressure process steam don haɗa ruwa don wasu abubuwa.

3. Water turbine topping CHP Plant- A cikin nau'in CHP plant, an yi cooling water jacket don ya ƙunshi ya ci steam ko hot water don haɗa masana.

4. Gas turbine topping CHP plant- A cikin nau'in topping plant, an yi natural gas fired turbine don ya ƙunshi ya haɗa synchronous generator, wanda ya ƙunshi ya ci electric energy. Exhaust gas na iya haɗa heat recovery boiler, inda anamana an yi amfani da shi don ya ƙunshi ya ci steam, ko kuma don haɗa usable heat don haɗa masana.

Bottoming Cycle Power Plant

Kamar yadda aka sani, bottoming cycle ita ce na ƙarfin topping cycle. A cikin nau'in CHP plant, ana yi amfani da excess heat daga manufacturing process don ya ƙunshi ya ci steam, kuma wannan steam na ƙunshi ya ci electric energy. A cikin nau'in cycle, ba a bukata fuel ɗaya don ya ƙunshi ya ci electric energy, saboda fuel an ƙara shi a kan production process.

Configuration of Cogeneration Plant

• Gas turbine Combine heat power plants wadanda suke yi amfani da waste heat a cikin flue gas daga gas turbines.

• Steam turbine Combine heat power plants wadanda suke yi amfani da heating system a cikin jet steam condenser don steam turbine.

• Molten-carbonate fuel cells na da hot exhaust, wanda yana da shi don haɗa masana.

• Combined cycle power plants wadanda suke ƙare don Combine Heat and Power.

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