Tsanonin Karamin Daji
Don hanyar da zafi da kuma daidai, kubur mai yara, kubur mai gurbin, kubur mai hakkin da kubur mai tafin suna amfani da su. Wannan kuburu da za a yi amfani da shi, ya danganta da muhimmancinta da zafi, wurin, da ma kan, cost-effectiveness da kuma bayanin ci gaba, a matsayin mafi girma. A cikin line da voltage da dama, don kowane phase, natural da earth na iya amfani da single pole line. Sunan kuburu da ake amfani da su a cikin electrical system. Su ne
Kubur Mai Yara
Kubur Mai Gurbin
Kubur Mai Hakkin Tubular
Kubur Mai Tafin
Kubur Mai Yara
A tsakiyar zamani, an yi amfani da kubur mai yara don 400 volts da 230 volts L.T. line da 11 K.V. H.T. line a masu. A wani lokaci, don 33 KV line, an yi amfani da kubur mai yara. Cost-effectiveness ta kubur mai yara shine mafi kyau saboda abubuwan kubur mai yara da kuma cost foundation ta shine mafi kyau. Idan ya yi babban maintenance da treatment ga kubur mai yara, za a yi amfani da ita zuwa lokacin da yake.
Saboda hakan, a tsakiyar zamani, an yi amfani da kubur mai yara sosai. An yi amfani da shaal wood don kubur mai yara. Saboda kubur mai yara, quality mafi so kuɗi shine 'shaal.' Weight average ta 'shaal' wood shine 815 kg per cubic meter. Duk shaal, Masua, Tik, Chir, Debdaru woods suna amfani don kubur mai yara saboda availability. A ranar, don sake tabbata da kungiyar da take sauƙi, da kuma sake lada tsarin alamomin, an stop amfani da kubur mai yara. Kubur mai yara suna faɗa a binciken harufa saboda capacity su da zafi.
Breakdown force shine mayar 850 Kg/cm2. Misalai sun haɗa Shaal, Masua wood, etc.
Breakdown force shine bayan 630 Kg/cm2 da 850 Kg/cm2. Misalai sun haɗa Tik, Seishun, Garjan wood, etc.
Breakdown force shine bayan 450 Kg/cm2 da 630 Kg/cm2. Misalai sun haɗa Chir, Debdaru, Arjun wood etc.
Wood da ake amfani don kubur mai yara ya kamata ban da defects. Wood straight shine mafi so kuɗi don haka. Ba a iya samu wood straight da kuma length da ba ta da defect, don haka wood curved shine da yake. Idan ya buƙaci, za a iya faɗa kubur mai yara biyu don amfani da su.
Treatment of Wooden Pole
Seasoning of the wood ya kamata a yi daɗi. Wannan shine, drying the wood properly. Mushrooms na iya lafiya wood da termites na iya lafiya wood da maximum. Saboda heat da moisture, wood na iya lafiya. Wannan types of damage mostly happen in the portion of pole below or nearby the ground level. Don protection from moisture and termite, proper chemical treatment is done in the wood. Don proper maintenance, Tar mixed with Creojet Oil or Copper Crom Arsenic are used. The next treatment is called Askew treatment. In this process, the poles are kept inside a cylindrical air sealed tank. In the tank, poles are immersed in Copper Crom Arsenic chemical. 100 kg per square meter pressure is created inside the tank at least for one hour. Due to such high pressure, the chemical goes inside the pores of the wood. Hence, the moistures and termites cannot attack the wood for a long time.
Idan wood ba a yi amfani da treatment da ba, before erecting the pole two coats of Creojet oil is to be applied to the entire surface of the pole. Bituminous Creojet Oil, is to be used on the portion of the soil as well as up to 50 cm or 20 inches above the soil. If it is not possible, at least tar must be applied on such surface of the pole. If any of the treatments are not feasible, at least you burn the bottom outer surface of the pole up-to two meters to prevent the pole from termite and moisture.
The top of the pole should be cut into a sharp cone shape so that water cannot stay on the top of the pole. Then we cut proper grooves as per required in the upper portion of the pole to fit cross arms tightly. We also drill holes on the pole for the same purpose. The diameter of the drilled hole varies from 17 mm to 20 mm. To fit, D-shaped iron clamp, grooves are not necessary, drilled hole in the required distance is sufficient. The distance between the top hole and top tip of the pole should be at least 200 mm or 8 inches. All such hole or grooves should be created before the treatment. One should avoid doing such holes and grooves on the pole, once the pole is treated. If we make holes or grooves after the treatment, we must apply creosote oil or bitumen on those holes and grooves.
Kubur Mai Gurbin
Sunan kubur mai gurbin biyu:
R.C.C. Poles
P.C.C. Poles
A ranar, P.C.C. poles ana amfani da su a 11 KV da 400/230 volt system, duk da cewa, ana amfani da PCC poles a 33KV H.T. Line. Wannan type of poles shine mafi kyau saboda wooden pole amma mafi kyau saboda steel pole. Wannan kind of poles na da mafi girma, da kuma cost maintenance shine mafi kyau. The strength of the PCC Pole shine mafi so kuɗi saboda wooden pole amma mafi kyau saboda steel pole. The only disadvantages of this pole are, it is very weighty and breakable.
Kubur mai gurbin an yi amfani da cement concrete. Don increase the strength, we use iron bars or rods reinforcement in the concrete. For earthing purpose, we place a copper strip of size 25mm × 3mm inside the pole during concreting, or we keep a hollow channel in the pole for inserting the earthing wire. To fix different fittings on the pole as required we keep 20 mm diameter holes on the pole during concreting.
Cross-section of the pole always bigger in the bottom than that in the top. The cross section of the PCC pole is rectangular, not square.
As per lateral load capacity and height of the pole, the concrete poles are divided in to 11 classes
