Gimba Tattalin Aiki: Me ke Nuna? (Tushen da Turutan)

Saboda yadda ilimin lamarin ya zama da kadan, duk masana'antar aiki na ƙasa, makaranta, kikin aiki, kamar haka suka yi gaba daga mekanizashion zuwa automashin. Mekanizashion tana bukata aiki a kan abubuwan da ake yi da aiki na mutum. A lokacin da nau'in kontrol mai kyau sun faru, ana bukata automashin mai kontrol da ake yi da komputa saboda buƙatar tsari, kulaici, karshe da aiki a cikin ayyuka na ƙasa.
Automashin tana haɗa da mekanizashion, wanda ke amfani da abubuwan da suka fi siffar da aiki don aiki mai kyau ko kwalliya.

Mun faɗa aiki na ƙasa

Mun faɗa aiki na ƙasa tana nufin amfani da abubuwan da suke kontrol da kuma PC/PLCs/PACs kamar haka don kontrol ayyukan ƙasa da kikin aiki ta kawo asali da aiki na mutum, kuma kawo ayyukan da ake yi da aiki na mutum da ayyukan da ake yi da automashin. Mun faɗa aiki na ƙasa tana da muhimmanci da ingantaccen kontrol.

Automashin tana nufin kalmomin da ake amfani da su don aiki na ƙasa. Kalma 'automashin' tana duni daga kalmomin Girkasance na Auto (na nufin 'tare') da Matos (na nufin 'yan aiki'). Amma a matsayin da ake amfani da ayyukan da ake yi da aiki na mutum, ayyukan da ake yi da automashin sun bayar da aiki mai kyau a cikin tsari, kulaici, da karshe aiki.

A cikin kontrol ayyukan da ake yi da automashin, an samu karshen abubuwan da suka fi siffar da aiki na ƙasa kamar hawa, kudin ruwa, kafin ruwa, mara, da kafin ruwa. Duk waɗannan abubuwa an samu, an iya amfani da su, kuma an kontrola su da ayyukan da suka fi siffar da mikroprosesa ko kontrola na data da ake yi da PC.

Abubuwan da suke kontrola ayyukan tana da muhimmanci a cikin ayyukan da ake yi da automashin. Nau'in kontrol na ayyukan da suke buƙaci sun bayar da abubuwan da suke fi siffar da aiki za su iya dogara da set points. Kima yadda ake yi wannan abubuwa, ayyukan da ake yi da automashin sun amfani da abubuwan da suke da shi kamar computing set points for control systems, plant startup or shutdown, monitoring system performance, equipment scheduling, kamar haka. Abubuwan da suke kontrola ayyukan da ayyukan da suke kontrola ayyukan ta kowane yadda ake yi aiki a cikin ƙasa sun bayar da aiki mai kyau, mai kulaici, da kuma mai inganci.

Ayyukan da ake yi da automashin tana bukata abubuwan da suke fitowa da hardware da software mai mahimmanci don in kontrola ayyukan da kuma ayyukan da suke kontrola ayyukan. A shekarun da ya karkashin, an samu abubuwan da suke fitowa da vendors da suke bayar da abubuwan da suke fitowa da software da hardware mai mahimmanci. Wasu daga cikinsu sun Siemens, ABB, AB, National Instruments, Omron da kuma wasu.

Abubuwan da suke kontrola ayyukan na ƙasa

Mun faɗa aiki na ƙasa tana nufin amfani da abubuwan da suke kontrola ayyukan da ake yi da komputa da kikin aiki don aiki na ƙasa ta kawo asali. Idan ake duba ayyukan da ake yi, abubuwan da suke kontrola ayyukan na ƙasa suna kafa da biyu, kamar hawa, mun faɗa aiki na ƙasa da kuma mun faɗa aiki na ƙasa.

Mun faɗa aiki na ƙasa

A cikin ƙasashen da suke amfani da kimiyar rawa, abincin da aka samu suka shafi dukkan ayyukan da suke amfani da kimiyoyi. Wasu daga cikinsu suna Pharmaceuticals, petrochemical, cement industry, paper industry, kamar haka. Saboda haka, duk ayyukan da ake yi na ƙasa ta kawo asali ta kawo aiki mai kyau, mai kulaici, da kuma mai inganci.

Wakar da ya ɗauki tana nuna hierarchi na mun faɗa aiki na ƙasa. Tana da kungiyoyi da suke nuna abubuwan da suke fitowa a cikin ƙasa.

Level 0 ko Plant: Wani level tana da kikin da suke aiki a cikin ƙasa. A nan, sensors da actuators an amfani da su don in translate signals daga kikin da suke aiki don in analize da kuma in produce control signals.

Kontrol na ayyukan: A nan, automatic controllers da monitoring systems an samu abubuwan da suke fi siffar da aiki daga sensors da kuma an drive actuators. Wasu daga cikinsu suna-

• Data acquisition

• Plant monitoring

• Dara checking

• Open and closed loop control

• Reporting

Supervisory Control na ƙasa: Wani level tana kawo automatic controllers da kuma set targets. Tana kawo kontrol equipment don in kontrol ayyukan da suke fi siffar. Wasu daga cikinsu suna:

• Plant monitoring performance

• Optimal process control

• Plant coordination

• Failure detection, etc.

Scheduling da Kontrol na Production: Wani level tana shafi masu amsa kamar allocation, production target, maintenance management, kamar haka. Wasu daga cikinsu suna:

• Production dispatch

• Inventory control

• Production supervision, production reporting, etc.

Management na ƙasa: Wani level mafi yawan na mun faɗa aiki na ƙasa. Tana shafi abubuwan da suke da shiga a kasuwanci. Wasu daga cikinsu suna-

• Market and Customer analysis

• Orders and sale statistics

• Production planning

• Capacity and order balance, etc.

Sistem na Mun faɗa aiki na ƙasa

Ƙasashen da suke amfani da kikin da suke aiki sun samun abincin da suke amfani da kikin da suke aiki. Wasu daga cikinsu suna textile and clothing, glass and ceramic, food and beverages, paper making, kamar haka. Ingantaccen ayyukan da ake yi na ƙasa sun amfani da abubuwan da suke kontrola ayyukan da ake yi da automashin a duk ƙarin, kamar handling, machining, assembling, inspection, da packaging. Da amfani da kontrol na komputa da kuma sistemai na robot na ƙasa, mun faɗa aiki na ƙasa tana zama mai kyau da kuma mai inganci.

Wakar da ya ɗauki tana nuna hierarchi na mun faɗa aiki na ƙasa inda duk functional