Feeder Automation (FA) û Under-Frequency Load Shedding (UFLS) du sistemên elektrîkî yên bêtikandîn û kontrolan bi rûniyek ne. Hinek dikarin werokên ser astengkirina û stabîl bikin, lê di navbera logîk û deqiqeyê da vê dikarin tîrîbên dixwazî bikin ku hewceyên çalakîyê ye.
Feeder Automation (FA): Pirî li ser tiştên local ên rojnameyên dagistan (masele, short circuits, ground faults). Biafyaşê yekemîn e ku tevên veşartî bistînin û îzolê bikin û demgirîna elektirîk hatine wekî şev berke bike bi karîna switches. FA seretîn rêzikîn li ser serastîna localê ya demgirîna.
Under-Frequency Load Shedding (UFLS): Bi pêşdehî reagirê ji bo kêmîyek zorî yên fekansiyê di torê de (masele, ji bo generator tripping, zêdetirina tevîn, an disconnection î rojnameyên tie-line). Li serastînî wê hatine shed bikin tevînên non-critical û pre-designated bi rêzikîn li ser astengkirina fekansî, restore power balance, û stabîl bike fekansiya sistemê. UFLS seretîn rêzikîn li ser ewlemeri fekansiya sistemê.
Under-Voltage Load Shedding (UVLS): Vîreza system voltage di demê de. Jeger voltage li derêya preset threshold, UVLS scheme hatine dîsa bike ku ji bo acting dibîne bi rêzikîn li ser logic î predefined. Ji bo metina şertên, wê hatine sequentially shed loads bikin bi rêzikîn li ser reactive power demand reduce an reactive support enhance, bidegi voltage li ser levels î normal restore.
Conflict Case Examples
Case 1: Di 2019 de, di Amerîka Bakur de, FA-induced power restoration hatine trigger bikin secondary frequency collapse.
Case 2: Di 2020 de, di Şina Rojhilat de, FA operation following a short-circuit fault hatine cause erroneous UFLS activation.
Case 3: Di 2021 de, wind farm disconnection hatine trigger overlapping actions between UFLS and FA.
Case 4: Di 2022 de, jî di typhoon de di Şina Başûr de, FA network reconfiguration led to excessive load shedding.
Event Description
Di 2022 de, 110kV Line A û rojnameya grid-connected Line B ya birînê di Bus Section I de ya 110kV substation ên. Tişt ek li Line A hatine Switch A trip bikin. Lakin, ji ber ku switch ya Line B ya birînê li derêya closed, demgirîn hatine davam bike bi substation. Wêgera, voltage li Bus Section I nishtîn li derêya undervoltage threshold, preventing the 110kV automatic transfer switch (ATS) from initiating. Hişyarî, birîn hatine demgirîn via Transformer No. 1 bi 10kV Buses I û IV, ji ku voltages wan hatine li derêya threshold, so 10kV ATS did not activate.
Ji ber ku birîn hatine continue to supply load, fekansiya sistema hatine gradually decline. 5.3 seconds after Switch A tripped, frequency dropped to 48.2 Hz. The plant's under-voltage and under-frequency separation device, set at 47 Hz and 0.5 s, did not operate. Lakin, UFLS relay ya substation, set at 48.25 Hz and 0.3 s, detected the frequency of 48.12 Hz and operated correctly, shedding several 10kV feeders (Lines C, D, E, F, G). All secondary equipment operated as expected.
On-site Review
Switch A ya 110kV substation ên hatine correctly trip bikin ji ber protection action, û UFLS operated, disconnecting Lines C, D, E, F, and G. Substation switches hatine trip signals issued, triggering FA activation. Tişt hatine identified between the substation switch and the first line switch. FA initiated on all five lines, locating the fault between the substation outlet and the first switch. Lakin, no fault was found during on-site inspection, confirming a false FA operation.
Solution
Enhance synchronization of load shedding information. For lines with UFLS/UVLS protection, support blocking of automatic load transfer functions.
Implement robust load transfer blocking: in fully automatic centralized FA schemes, upon receiving a load shedding signal, immediately block the FA execution function for the affected lines.