Wadannan yanayin da za su iya bayarwa a cikin mutanen karamin karami?
A cikin IEE-Business, na 8 shekara a karkashin kula
Salaama daga cikin masu karfini, Ina ni Oliver, na yi aiki a karkashin kula 8 shekara.
Daga lokacin da na fara bayar wasu abubuwa a wurareen tsohon jirgin sama ta hanyar tattalin karamin kula zuwa yanzu muni na yi amfani da takaitaccen bincike da kuma shiga rayuwarsu a duk fitaccewar kula, wanda na iya cewa an fi sani da su a cikin aikinsa ya shafi Current Transformer (CT).
Sabon rana wanda ya fara bayar ya ce:
“Ina iya tattauna Current Transformers? In ba da hukuma da zai iya ba da shawarar in ba canza ko ba?”
Maimakon! Mutane miliyan sun nufin cewa tattaunawa CTs ita ce muhimmanci da kuma yake da hukuma mai girma, amma irin al'amuran da aka samu — yawancin abubuwan da ke so kuwa za a iya kan bayanai da kayan aiki.
Yau, za a bayar da cikakken bayanai — da damar ilimin ka a ƙarin shekaru — don in bayar:
Tattauna Current Transformers, fahimtar abubuwan da ke so kuwa, da kuma abubuwan da ke so kuwa a lokacin bayyana ko tattaunawa.
Babu kalmar mutum, babu hukumar da suka gama — musamman ilimi da za ku iya amfani da shi kowace rana.
1. Me Koyar Current Transformer?
Idan ban samu tattaunawa, zaka iya duba ma'adin aiki.
Current transformer yana haɗa da tafsirin a cikin tsari — yana ƙara karamin kula mai yawa zuwa karamin kula mai haske da za a iya amfani da shi a cikin takaitaccen bincike, abubuwan da ake amfani da su don tattalin kula, da kuma abubuwan da ake amfani da su don shiga rayuwarsu.
An samu shi a cikin switchgear, fitaccen tsohon jirgin sama, ko kuma a cikin fitaccen tsohon jirgin sama. Yana haɗa da ƙarfin takaito da kuma tattalin kula.
Don haka, idan CT ya ci, za ta iya kasance takaito, da kuma tattalin kula ya ci.
2. Sabu 7 Abubuwan Da Ke So Kuwa A Cikin Current Transformers
Daga 8 shekara tun da na yi aikin da kuma neman abubuwan da ke so kuwa, waɗannan ne su ne abubuwan da za ku iya samu a cikin CTs:
2.1 Tafin Tsakiyar Nisa — Mafi Inganci!
Wannan shine mafi inganci da mafi ƙaramin abubuwan da ke so kuwa a cikin CTs.
A lokacin da ake amfani, tsakiyar nisa ya kamata a zama mai sarrafa. Idan yana zama mai tsakiya, yana iya samun hanyoyin hankali da kuma yawan voltages mai yawa — da yawa da sauransu — wanda za su iya kusa ƙwarewa da kuma kusan lafiya.
Alamomin da ake samu a cikin wannan:
Za ta ƙarya ko yin ƙwadon labaran;
Abubuwan da ake amfani da su suna bar ƙarfin ko yin ƙwadon labaran;
Takaito suna ƙarya ko yin ƙwadon labaran;
CT suna ƙarya ko yin ƙwadon labaran.
Me ya faru?
Tsakiyar nisa suna ƙarya;
Kayayyakin suna ƙarya ko yin ƙwadon labaran;
Koyar relay coil ya ƙarya;
An sa ƙara tsakiyar nisa a lokacin bayyana.
Nasihatini:
Amfani da ƙara tsakiyar nisa a cikin tattaunawa;
Amfani da takaitaccen terminal;
Bayyana tsakiyar nisa daga biyu da biyu.
2.2 Polarity Mai Ƙaramin Ƙwaye — Wanda Ya Ƙwarewa
Polarity mai ƙaramin ƙwaye zai iya haɗa da:
Yawan ƙarfin da ke ƙaramin ƙwaye;
Takaito mai ƙaramin ƙwaye;
Abubuwan da ake amfani da su suna ƙaramin ƙwaye;
Takaito mai ƙaramin ƙwaye.
Me ya faru?
Ƙwayen kayayyakin a lokacin bayyana;
Ba a tabbatar da bayyana a lokacin ƙara;
Fitaccen tsohon jirgin sama an sa ƙaramin ƙwaye.
Yadda ake tattauna:
Yadda ake amfani da battery da multimeter;
Amfani da takaitaccen polarity;
A lokacin bayyana, ƙara yawan ƙarfin da ke ƙaramin ƙwaye.
2.3 Ratio Mai Ƙaramin Ƙwaye — Yana Haɗa Da Tattalin Kula
Idan ratio mai ƙaramin ƙwaye, yana haɗa da tattalin kula.
Misal: CT da aka sanya 100/5, an samu 4.7A a farkon ƙarfi — wanda ya nuna cewa ratio mai ƙaramin ƙwaye, wanda yake haɗa da tattalin kula.
Dalilai:
Toleransi na ƙaramin ƙwaye;
Saturation core;
Kayayyakin mai ƙaramin ƙwaye;
Yawan ƙarfin mai ƙaramin ƙwaye a cikin ƙarfin nisa.
Yadda ake tattauna:
Amfani da takaitaccen ratio tester;
Amfani da ƙarfin ƙaramin ƙwaye a cikin ƙarfin nisa da ƙara ƙarfin nisa;
Samun bayanan nameplate.
2.4 Excitation Characteristics Mai Ƙaramin Ƙwaye — Yana Haɗa Da Ƙarfin Takaito
Idan excitation characteristics mai ƙaramin ƙwaye, yana haɗa da takaito mai ƙaramin ƙwaye.
Me ne excitation characteristic? Na nufin cewa shine magnetization curve a cikin ƙarfin da ƙaramin ƙwaye — wanda ya nuna linear range da saturation point.
Yadda ake tattauna:
Amfani da takaitaccen excitation characteristic;
Bayyana cewa knee-point voltage ya ƙara takaito;
5P10, 5P20, da sauransu, suna ƙara minimum knee-point voltages.
2.5 Aging Ko Damage Mai Ƙaramin Ƙwaye — Idan An Yi A Makarantun Inganci
A makarantun inganci, CTs suna ƙara insulation degradation ko damage mai ƙaramin ƙwaye.
Alamomin da ake samu a cikin wannan:
Insulation resistance mai ƙaramin ƙwaye;
Partial discharge mai ƙaramin ƙwaye;
Heating ko smell mai ƙaramin ƙwaye;
Fail dielectric withstand test.
Hanyoyin ƙara:
Bayyana insulation resistance a lokacin da ake ƙara;
Amfani da drying treatment ko ƙara seals;
Amfani da space heaters a makarantun inganci;
Bayyana cabinet sealing.
2.6 Damage Mai Ƙaramin Ƙwaye Ko Deformation — Wanda An Yi A Makarantun Inganci
A lokacin da an yi a makarantun inganci, damage mai ƙaramin ƙwaye ko deformation mai ƙaramin ƙwaye yana haɗa da aiki.
Dalilai:
Bayyana mai ƙaramin ƙwaye;
Handling impact;
Vibration from switching operations;
Corrosion causing structural distortion.
Yadda ake tattauna:
Visual inspection of housing;
Check for bent primary conductors;
Measure core hole diameter for fit;
Repair or replace if necessary.
2.7 Wiring Errors Ko Disordered Connections
A cikin multi-winding CTs, wiring errors zai iya haɗa da:
Mixed use of windings for protection, measurement, and metering;
Signal interference between circuits;
Abnormal monitoring data.
Nasihatini:
Clearly define winding functions (protection, measurement, metering);
Label connections clearly;
Double-check wiring after installation or replacement;
Use a tester to verify each winding output.
3. Common Tools and Steps for On-Site Testing
Common Testing Tools:
On-Site Testing Procedure (Summary):
Visual inspection for damage or burn marks;
Measure insulation resistance (primary to ground, secondary to ground, primary to secondary);
Check polarity correctness;
Test current ratio against nameplate;
Test excitation characteristics (especially for protection windings);
Verify wiring correctness and tightness;
Monitor operation under load (if possible).
4. My Final Recommendations
As someone with 8 years of hands-on experience in this field, I want to remind all professionals:
“The CT may be small, but its role is huge. Don’t wait until a trip happens to realize it had a problem.”
Especially in critical circuits like main transformer differential, feeder protection, and metering points, regular testing and careful maintenance are essential.
Here are my recommendations for different roles:
For Maintenance Personnel:
Learn to read CT nameplate information;
Master basic testing techniques (insulation testing, polarity check);
Recognize common fault symptoms;
Report abnormalities promptly.
For Technical Staff:
Understand CT selection and calculation;
Know protection winding characteristics;
Interpret system short-circuit parameters;
Analyze excitation curves.
For Managers or Procurement Teams:
Define clear technical specifications;
Choose reliable manufacturers;
Request full test reports from suppliers;
Maintain equipment records for traceability.
5. Closing Thoughts
Though small, current transformers are the eyes and ears of the entire power system.
They’re not just about reducing current — they form the basis of protection, the foundation of metering, and the guarantee of safety.
After 8 years in the electrical field, I often say:
“Details determine success or failure, and proper testing ensures safety.”
If you ever run into difficulties testing CTs, dealing with frequent protection misoperations, or unsure if your parameters are suitable, feel free to reach out — I’m happy to share more hands-on experience and solutions.
May every current transformer operate stably and accurately, safeguarding the reliability of our power grid!
— Oliver
