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AC Circuit da Aasaniyan

Ek AC circuit nu define kia janda hai ek alternating power source ton energized hunda circuit. Alternating current (AC) ghar wale te sansthaan vich vartavaan hai apne unique characteristics de rakhe: DC tan de difference, AC circuit vich current te voltage di magnitude te direction samay de sath periodical change hoti hai.

AC waveforms adhe-adhe sinusoidal pattern follow karn de, ek cycle complete karde equal positive te negative halves ne. Ise behavior mathematically time (t) or angle (θ = ωt) di function taur te described janda hai, jithe ω angular frequency represent karda hai.

Impedance in AC vs. DC Circuits

• DC circuits vich, current opposition sirf resistance (R) tohn ankar hota hai.

• AC circuits vich, opposition ankar hota hai:

• Resistance (R)

• Inductive reactance (XL = 2πfL), jithe L inductance hai te f frequency hai

• Capacitive reactance (XC = 1/(2πfC)), jithe C capacitance hai

Phase Relationships in AC Systems

AC circuits vich, current te voltage magnitude te phase angle dono ton characterized hunde hain. Unhna phase alignment circuit parameters (R, L, C) upar depend karta hai. Sinusoidal quantities like voltage te current angle θ di sine te vary karte hain, jo AC system analysis de fundamental hain.

Advantages of Sinusoidal Waveforms in Power Generation

Sinusoidal voltage te current globally preferred hain power generation liye:

• Transformers te rotating machines vich iron te copper losses reduce hundian, efficiency enhance karde.

• Adjacent communication systems nalon interference minimize hunda hai.

• Electrical circuits vich disturbance levels lower hundian hain.

Alternating Voltage te Current Dynamics

Waveform of Alternating Voltage te Resistive Current

Samay de sath alternating voltage di waveform te circuit vich resistance (R) tohn flowing current niche dikhya jaande hain:

Types of AC Circuits te Key Terminology
AC Circuit Classifications

AC circuits unhan component configurations ton categorized hunde hain:

• Pure resistance (R) circuits

• Pure capacitance (C) circuits

• Pure inductance (L) circuits

• RL (resistance-inductance) combinations

• RC (resistance-capacitance) circuits

• LC (inductance-capacitance) circuits

• RLC (resistance-inductance-capacitance) circuits

Essential AC Circuit Terms

• Amplitude:Ek alternating quantity da ek cycle vich maximum positive or negative value, peak value or maximum value vich known. Symbolized by Em/Vm voltage te Im current liye.

• Alternation:Ek alternating waveform da half-cycle, 180° electrical corresponding.

• Cycle:Ek alternating quantity da ek complete set of positive te negative values, 360° electrical equivalent.

• Instantaneous Value:Koi specific moment te voltage or current di magnitude, denoted by e (voltage) or i (current).

• Frequency (f)： Ek alternating quantity da seconds per cycle, hertz (Hz) vich measured.

• Time Period (T):Seconds di duration ek voltage or current waveform da one cycle complete karne lio.

• Waveform:A graphical representation plotting instantaneous values of an alternating quantity (voltage/current) on the y-axis against time (t) or angle (θ = ωt) on the x-axis.

An alternating voltage periodically reverses polarity te magnitude, while alternating current follows suit—changing direction te amplitude with time. When an AC voltage source connects to a resistive load (as shown below), current flows in one direction during the positive half-cycle te reverses during the negative half-cycle, mirroring the source’s polarity changes.