△-Y conversion

A web-based tool for converting battery capacity between Amp-hours (Ah) and Kilowatt-hours (kWh), ideal for electric vehicles, energy storage systems, and solar power applications. This calculator helps users convert charge capacity (Ah) into energy (kWh), with clear explanations of key battery parameters for better understanding of battery performance and state. Parameter Definitions Parameter Description Capacity Battery capacity in Amp-hours (Ah) , indicating how much current the battery can deliver over time. Kilowatt-hours (kWh) is a unit of energy representing the total stored or delivered power. Formula: kWh = Ah × Voltage (V) ÷ 1000 Voltage (V) The electrical potential difference between two points, measured in volts (V). Essential for energy calculation. Depth of Discharge (DoD) The percentage of battery capacity that has been discharged relative to the total capacity. - Complementary to State of Charge (SoC): SoC + DoD = 100% - Can be expressed as % or in Ah - Actual capacity may exceed nominal, so DoD can go beyond 100% (e.g., up to 110%) State of Charge (SoC) The remaining battery charge as a percentage of total capacity. 0% = empty, 100% = full. Depleted Capacity The total amount of energy drawn from the battery, in kWh or Ah. Example Calculation Battery: 50 Ah, 48 V If Depth of Discharge (DoD) = 80% → Energy = 50 × 48 / 1000 = 2.4 kWh Depleted Energy = 2.4 × 80% = 1.92 kWh Use Cases Estimating EV driving range Designing home energy storage systems Calculating available energy in off-grid solar setups Analyzing battery cycle life and efficiency

A tool for converting between reactive power (VAR) and capacitance (μF) of a capacitor, supporting single-phase and three-phase systems. This calculator helps users compute the reactive power (VAR) provided by a capacitor based on its voltage, frequency, and capacitance, or vice versa. Useful for power factor correction and capacitor sizing in electrical systems. Core Formulas Single-phase: Q (VAR) = 2π × f × C (μF) × V² × 10⁻⁶ Three-phase: Q (VAR) = 3 × 2π × f × C (μF) × V² × 10⁻⁶ Parameters Parameter Description Power (Reactive Power) Reactive power supplied by the capacitor, unit: VAR. Input to calculate capacitance (μF). Voltage - Single-phase: Phase-Neutral voltage - Two-phase or three-phase: Phase-Phase voltage Unit: Volts (V) Frequency Number of cycles per second, unit: Hz. Common values: 50 Hz or 60 Hz. Example Calculation Single-phase system: Voltage V = 230 V Frequency f = 50 Hz Capacitance C = 40 μF Then reactive power: Q = 2π × 50 × 40 × (230)² × 10⁻⁶ ≈ 6.78 kVAR Reverse calculation: If Q = 6.78 kVAR, then C ≈ 40 μF Use Cases Power factor correction in electrical systems Capacitor sizing and capacity calculation Industrial electrical system commissioning Academic learning and exams

A tool for converting between common power units such as Watt (W), Kilowatt (kW), Horsepower (HP), BTU/h, and kcal/h. This calculator allows you to convert power values between different units used in electrical engineering, HVAC systems, and automotive applications. Input one value, and all others are automatically calculated. Supported Units & Conversion Factors Unit Full Name Relation to Watt (W) W Watt 1 W = 1 W kW Kilowatt 1 kW = 1000 W HP Horsepower 1 HP ≈ 745.7 W (mechanical) 1 HP ≈ 735.5 W (metric) BTU/h British Thermal Unit per hour 1 BTU/h ≈ 0.000293071 W 1 W ≈ 3.600 BTU/h kcal/h Kilocalorie per hour 1 kcal/h ≈ 1.163 W 1 W ≈ 0.8598 kcal/h Example Calculations Example 1: An air conditioner has a cooling capacity of 3000 kcal/h Then power: P = 3000 × 1.163 ≈ 3489 W Or about 3.49 kW Example 2: Engine output power is 200 HP (mechanical) Then: P = 200 × 745.7 = 149,140 W ≈ 149.14 kW Example 3: Heating power is 5 kW Then: - BTU/h = 5 × 3600 = 18,000 BTU/h - kcal/h = 5 × 859.8 ≈ 4299 kcal/h Use Cases Motor and generator selection HVAC system design Automotive engine power rating Energy efficiency evaluation Academic learning and exams

A tool for converting between frequency (Hz) and angular velocity (rad/s), commonly used in electrical engineering, motor design, and physics. This calculator helps convert between frequency (number of cycles per second) and angular velocity (rate of change of angle), essential for analyzing rotating systems and periodic motion. Core Formulas Hz → rad/s: ω = 2π × f rad/s → Hz: f = ω / (2π) Where: - f: Frequency in Hertz (Hz) - ω: Angular velocity in radians per second (rad/s) - π ≈ 3.14159 Parameters Parameter Description Frequency The number of complete cycles per second, unit: Hertz (Hz). For example, AC power at 50 Hz means 50 cycles per second. Angular Velocity The rate of change of angle over time, unit: radians per second (rad/s). Used to describe rotational speed. Example Calculations Example 1: Household AC frequency = 50 Hz Then angular velocity: ω = 2π × 50 ≈ 314.16 rad/s Example 2: Motor angular velocity = 188.5 rad/s Then frequency: f = 188.5 / (2π) ≈ 30 Hz Corresponding RPM: 30 × 60 = 1800 RPM Use Cases Motor and generator design AC power system analysis Mechanical transmission systems Signal processing and Fourier transforms Academic learning and exams