Dawwama da Nafar Dukkanka da Kiyasin Turbinu na Hawa da Shamsi da Kayan Amsa

1. Mafiya da Sababobin Da Ake Baka a Turbin Mai Hawa

A nan turbin mai hawa suna cikin abubuwan da suka dacewa da kuma sabon kayan kwalliya, suka fi sani mafiya a tafkin uku: karkashin kimiyya, tattalin karamin kasa, da funktiyoyi na kontrol. Tabbatar da karamin kasa da tsirrai suna cikin mafiyan karkasha a kimiyya, kafin ya faru ne da wata hawa da yake kawo, lalacewar zafi, ko mutanen bayanai. Bayanan da ake sauka shiga masu karatu sun nuna cewa misali na tsirra'i a arewacin jihar yankin da ke 3-5 shekara, amma za a iya kadan zuwa 2-3 shekara a yankunan gida da take samun hawa mai tsakiyar riji. Kuma tabbatar da karkashin karamin kasa na biyu a tafki na kimiyya suna cikin turbin mai hawa ta faduwa, domin aiki a matsayin wanda ba a kan center baya da kuma kisan alama na kimiyya.

A tattalin karamin kasa, an yi mafiya a tushen phase da karamin kasa. Turbin mai hawa sun haɗa tattalin AC ta uku, kuma karamin kasa da ba su da sauƙi ko karamin kasa da ba su da sauƙi zai iya haɗa tushen da ba su da sauƙi ko da tushen da su da sauƙi. Bayanan tattalin industry sun nuna cewa kusan 25% na mafiyan da suka faru a turbin suna cikin mafiyan da suka faru a karamin kasa. Wannan mafiya na biyu shine mafiya a tafki na kontrol, inda rotor speed ba a iya rage ciki baya ba domin karamin kasa da ba su da sauƙi ko karamin kasa da ba su da sauƙi.

Mafiyan a tafki na kontrol suna cikin wani tushen logic na karamin kasa. Tattalin strategy na fixed-threshold ba su iya haɗa zuwa harsunan kasa da yawan hawa. Misali, a ranar da hawa mai tsari da yawan raji, tattalin kontrol na tradishin ba su iya haɗa tafki na turbin zuwa 30%-40% na rated power domin hawa mai tsari, wanda ya haɗa lafiya ga hawa mai tsari. Bayanan sun nuna cewa wind-solar hybrid systems da suke amfani da tattalin kontrol na tradishin suna da average energy utilization rates 15%-20% da suke ci intelligent systems.

2. Mafiya da Sababobin Da Ake Baka a Solar Panels

Solar panels a cikin hybrid systems suna cikin abubuwan da suka dacewa da mafiya. Tabbatar da terminal connector failures suna cikin mafiyan da ake biri a kusa, domin karamin hawa mai tsakiyar riji, ko karamin kasa da ba su da sauƙi. A yankunan da aka samu hawa mai tsari, solar panels suna samu damage rate na shekarar 5%-8%, don haka za su iya haɗa lafiya ga karatu da kuma yan kula.

Karamin kasa, hot spot effects da partial shading suna cikin abubuwan da suka haɗa photovoltaic efficiency. Idan wani banga na panel ne da shadi, karamin kasa na bangaren da ba su da shadi ba zai haɗa zuwa bangaren da shadi, wanda ya haɗa lafiya ga hot spots. Hot spot effects da yake rage ciki zai iya haɗa efficiency ta panel zuwa 15%-20% kuma zai iya haɗa lafiya ga permanent damage. Kuma PID (Potential Induced Degradation) shine wani abu mai mahimmanci wanda suka haɗa panel lifespan, musamman a yankunan da aka samu hawa mai tsari, inda efficiency zai iya rage ciki zuwa 5%-10% a shekarun 1-2.

Performance degradation shine domin light-induced degradation da encapsulation material failure. Industry standards sun nuna cewa high-quality PV modules suna da annual degradation rate da ke 0.3%-0.5% a shekarun 25. Amma a tushen, environmental factors da material aging zai iya haɗa annual degradation rates zuwa 0.8%-1.2%, wanda ya haɗa lafiya ga overall system efficiency.

3. Fault Analysis of Controllers and Battery Systems

A nan controller's performance suna haɗa lafiya ga system stability. Abubuwan da suka faru suna cikin limitations of traditional power distribution strategies, wanda suke amfani da fixed empirical parameters da simple threshold judgments, wanda ba su iya haɗa zuwa real-time energy fluctuations. A harsunan kasa, waɗannan controllers ba su iya adjust power allocation promptly, wanda ya haɗa lafiya ga deteriorated power stability. Misali, idan an yi sudden weather changes kamar rapid wind shifts ko fast-moving cloud cover, traditional controllers zai iya haɗa lafiya ga several minutes ko longer to respond, wanda ba su iya haɗa lafiya ga stringent power quality requirements of modern industrial equipment.

Battery system faults suna cikin undercharging, water ingress, da capacity degradation. Undercharging shine domin voltage drops below the controller’s startup threshold; prolonged undercharging zai iya haɗa lafiya ga deep discharge, wanda ya haɗa lafiya ga battery life. Water ingress shine domin improper installation ko poor sealing, wanda zai iya haɗa lafiya ga extremely low, zero, ko false voltage readings, wanda ya haɗa lafiya ga severe battery damage. Statistics show that about 15% of hybrid system failures are related to battery water ingress.

Capacity degradation shine natural aging process, amma environmental factors zai iya haɗa lafiya ga. A yankunan da aka samu hawa mai tsari, nighttime low temperatures zai iya haɗa lafiya ga solar panel performance zuwa 30%-40%, kuma zai iya haɗa lafiya ga battery usable capacity, wanda ya haɗa lafiya ga load demands under low-light conditions. Kuma, high-salinity environments zai iya haɗa lafiya ga batteries; a yankunan da aka samu hawa mai tsari, battery lifespan in hybrid systems is typically 30%-50% shorter than in inland regions.