What is Wind Turbine?

What is Wind Turbine?

Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine Definition

A horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT) is defined as a wind turbine with a horizontal rotation axis parallel to the ground, commonly used for large-scale power generation.

Main Components

• The rotor, which consists of the blades and the hub that connects them to the shaft.

• The generator, gearbox, brake, yaw system, and other mechanical and electrical components.

• The tower supports the nacelle and the rotor and elevates them above the ground to capture more wind.

• The foundation anchors the tower to the ground and transfers the loads from the wind turbine.

Advantages

• Higher efficiency

• Lower torque ripple and mechanical stress

Disadvantages

• Require a tall tower and a large land area

• More expensive

• Susceptible

Vertical Axis Wind Turbine Definition

A vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) is defined as a wind turbine with a vertical rotation axis perpendicular to the ground, suitable for small-scale and urban applications.

Main Components

• The rotor, which consists of the blades and the vertical shaft that connects them to the generator.

• The generator, which converts the mechanical energy of the rotor into electrical energy.

• The base, which supports the rotor and the generator and connects them to the ground.

• Advantages

• Lower installation and maintenance costs

• Lower noise levels

• Lower heights and smaller footprints

Disadvantages

• Lower efficiency

• Higher torque ripple and mechanical stress

• Less stable and durable

Working Principle

HAWTs use lift to rotate their blades, while VAWTs use drag to generate rotation.

Efficiency Comparison

HAWTs are more efficient with higher power output, whereas VAWTs have lower efficiency but are cheaper to install and maintain.

Suitability

HAWTs are best for open areas with consistent wind, while VAWTs are ideal for urban areas with variable wind directions.