Wani abu na surge arrestor da ake amfani da shi a kofin kula?

Aiki na kafa (Surge Protective Devices, SPD) da ake gina a cikin paneli na kafar tashar karamin shiga suna amfani a kan yadda aka tabbatar da zan iya kunshi abubuwan tashar karamin shiga (surges ko spikes) da ya faruwa saboda hawa, yanayin tashar karamin shiga, ko wasu dalilai. Karkashin aiki da za su iya amfani da su a cikin paneli na kafar tashar karamin shiga sun hada da:

1. Aiki na kafa ta ƙasa 1 (Primary Protection at Power Entry)

Amfani: An gina a cikin kafar tashar karamin shiga mai ban sha'awa ko wurin shiga don in kunshi dukkan al'adun tashar karamin shiga daga surges masu waje, kamar hawan hawa da ya faruwa saboda hawa.

Abubuwan da ke sa:

• Yana iya kunshi surges masu tsawon hawa, yana iya taka tasiri mai yawa (misali, 40kA ko da zuwa 8/20 microseconds waveform).

• An gina ta a cikin sassan grounding na wurin, yana ba muhimmanci wajen kunshi surges.

•  Yana amfani a kan yadda aka tabbatar da kunshi surges masu waje daga bata a wurin.

2. Aiki na kafa ta ƙasa 2 (Distribution Board Level Protection)

Amfani: An gina a cikin kafar tashar karamin shiga a cikin wurin don in kunshi abubuwan tashar karamin shiga da jihohin aiki da ke gaba. Wannan shi ne aiki na kafa mafi yawan amfani a cikin paneli na kafar tashar karamin shiga.

Abubuwan da ke sa:

• Yana iya kunshi surges masu yawan tsawo, yana iya taka tasiri mai yawa (10-40kA 8/20 microseconds waveform).

• Yana ba muhimmanci wajen kunshi surges masu tashar karamin shiga a cikin wurin, kamar hawan hawa da ya faruwa saboda amfani da shi.

• An gina ta a cikin kafar tashar karamin shiga ko a cikin circuit breakers, yana ba muhimmanci wajen gine aiki da kuma kawo shi.

3. Aiki na kafa ta ƙasa 3 (End-Device Level Protection)

Amfani: An gina a cikin wurin devices (kamar computers, servers, kayan aiki) don in kunshi surges, yana ba muhimmanci wajen kunshi abubuwan tashar karamin shiga masu yawan tsawo.

Abubuwan da ke sa:

•  Yana iya kunshi surges masu yawan tsawo, yana iya taka tasiri mai yawa (5-10kA 8/20 microseconds waveform).

•  Yana ba muhimmanci wajen kunshi devices masu yawan tsawo, kamar communication equipment, medical devices, da precision instruments.

• Tsunan wannan shi ne surge-protected power strips da socket-type surge protectors.

4. Aiki na kafa ta ƙasa Combination-Type

Amfani: Yana haɗa da abubuwan aiki na kafa ta ƙasa 1 da ƙasa 2, yana amfani a wurare da za su iya kunshi surges masu waje da kuma masu tashar karamin shiga a cikin wurin.

Abubuwan da ke sa:

• Yana ba muhimmanci wajen kunshi surges masu waje da kuma masu tashar karamin shiga a cikin wurin.

• Yana amfani a wurare masu muhimmanci ko a cikin applications da za su iya kunshi surges masu yawan tsawo, kamar data centers, hospitals, da industrial plants.

5. Aiki na kafa ta ƙasa Modular

Amfani: Yana amfani a cikin kafar tashar karamin shiga masu yawan amfani, kamar a cikin commercial da industrial settings, don in ba muhimmanci wajen gine aiki da kuma kawo shi.

Abubuwan da ke sa:

• Design modular yana ba muhimmanci wajen gine aiki da kuma kawo shi, idan module batuza, za a kawo shi bayan da ba yanzu ba su iya taimaka.

• Yana amfani da indicator lights ko alarm functions don in ba muhimmanci wajen gine aiki da kuma kawo shi.

6. Aiki na kafa ta Single-Phase da Three-Phase

• Aiki na kafa ta Single-Phase: Yana amfani a cikin systems masu single-phase (kamar homes, small offices), yana amfani don in kunshi 220V/230V electrical equipment.

• Aiki na kafa ta Three-Phase: Yana amfani a cikin systems masu three-phase (kamar factories, commercial buildings, large office complexes), yana amfani don in kunshi 380V/400V electrical equipment.

Abubuwan da Za Su Iya Duba Don In Zama Aiki na kafa

Idan kana son zama aiki na kafa don kafar tashar karamin shiga, duba abubuwan hukuma:

• Yadda aka gina: Idan za a gina a cikin kafar tashar karamin shiga mai ban sha'awa, branch distribution board, ko a cikin wurin devices.

• Tsarin kunshi: Zama aiki na kafa da za su iya kunshi surges (Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, etc.).

• Rated Discharge Current (In): Yawan tasiri mai yawa da aiki na kafa yana iya taka, an gina shi a kA. Zama aiki na kafa da za su iya taka tasiri mai yawa don environment.

• Maximum Continuous Operating Voltage (Uc): Tsari mai yawa da aiki na kafa yana iya taka, yana da kyau a kasance da nominal voltage.

• Response Time: Gaskiya da aiki na kafa yana iya taimaka, yana da kyau a yi aiki na kafa a lokacin da yake faruwa surges.

• Failure Alarm Function: Wasu aiki na kafa suna amfani da indicator lights ko alarms don in ba muhimmanci wajen gine aiki da kuma kawo shi.

Bayanin Gabatarwa

Don kafar tashar karamin shiga, aiki na kafa ta ƙasa 2 ce mafi yawan amfani, yana ba muhimmanci wajen kunshi abubuwan tashar karamin shiga a cikin wurin. Idan wurin yana kan yankin da hawan hawa ya faruwa, yana da kyau a gina aiki na kafa ta ƙasa 1 a cikin kafar tashar karamin shiga mai ban sha'awa da kuma aiki na kafa ta ƙasa 3 a cikin wurin devices masu muhimmanci. Da kuma aiki na kafa ta ƙasa modular suna amfani a cikin commercial da industrial environments don in ba muhimmanci wajen gine aiki da kuma kawo shi.