Tahaddunin da Kula Ƙarfin Yawan Disconnector a GIS na 550 kV

1.Shawararrenin Dandalin

Samun dandalin na disconnector a cikin samun 550 kV GIS ya faru ne a 13:25 kwanan watan Agustan, 2024 yayin da samun yana aiki tare da ful load tare da kurren baya na 2500 A. A lokacin da ya dawo, alama mai hausa ta aiki sosai, ta kashe circuit breaker mai saha kuma ta zawa gini mai dandalin. Kima'arrujin ayyukan tsarin suka canzawa sosai: kurren bayanin gini ya rungo da 2500 A zuwa 0 A, sai kuma voltage na busbar ya rungo da 550 kV zuwa 530 kV, ya fara canzawa a kusan 3 seconds sannu sannu ya dawo har zuwa 548 kV kuma ya tsayi. Tattaunawar kannin hannun abokan aikin ya fada mai zurfi a kan disconnector. Ana samun alamar jini mai girman 5 cm a kan galibi na bushing mai sauƙi. Ana samun alamar jini mai girman 3 cm a waje na iɗo na alamar yin amfanin da alamar rufe, tare da alamar dumiya mai ranke, kuma wasu abubuwan metal suka nuna alamar yin taguwar, wanda ya nuna harshen arcing yayin dandalin.

2.Lamari na Dandalin

2.1 Tattaunawar Lamurin Samun Da Zai Bayyana Kima'arrujin Da Zai Bayyana Ma'aunin Ayyukan
Disconnector yana da voltage mai amfani na 550 kV, kurren baya mai amfani na 3150 A, kurren baya na kasa na 50 kA. Wadannan lamuran sun dace da buƙatun ayyukan tsarin 550 kV a wannan station, ko kuma sun tabbata aiki mai kyau yayin normal. Disconnector yana aiki 8 shekara tare da 350 ayyukan. Mafi karshe na gyara ya faru a June 2023, wanda ya hada da polishin contact, lubrication, gyaran mechanism, da gwadawa na insulation resistance – duk dukkanin nettaukaka sun dace da ma'auni a lokacin. Idan lokacin ayyukan yana cikin range na normal, amma ayyukan karamin shekaru na iya ƙaddar da abubuwan da za su barcin saboda tsinkin shekaru, kuma sun iya shaida adadin dandalin a gaba.

2.2 Tattaunawar Gwadawar Ilimin Lahilar

Gwadawar insulation resistance na disconnector ya bada inter-contact insulation resistance na 1500 MΩ (ma'anar takaitaccen zaman: 2500 MΩ; buƙatar standard: ≥2000 MΩ). Insulation resistance na ground shine 2000 MΩ (ma'anar takaitaccen zaman: 3000 MΩ; buƙatar standard: ≥2500 MΩ). Duk ma'anar sun ƙare sosai karfi da ma'anar takaitaccen zaman da standard, wanda ya nuna kayan sauƙi sun barci.
Gwadawar dielectric loss factor (tanδ) a 10 kV ya bada ma'anar 0.8% (ma'anar takaitaccen zaman: 0.5%; buƙatar standard: ≤0.6%). Tanδ mai ƙarfi yana nuna abin da ya kamata ya samu ruwa ko kayan sauƙi sun barci, wanda ya kare karfin sauƙi kuma ya kara abin da ya kamata ya barci.

2.3 Tattaunawar Gwadawar Kayan Aiki
Gwadawar pressure na contact ya bada:

• Rabin A: 150 N (ma'anar taswira: 200 N, canje-canji: –25%)

• Rabin B: 160 N (canje-canji: –20%)

• Rabin C: 140 N (canje-canji: –30%)
  Dukkanin ma'anar da aka gwada sun kasa dari ma'anar taswira tare da canje-canji mai girma, wanda ke iya haifar da kwarewar karfin contact, yanayin tafaru mai tsawon lokaci, da arcing.

Tattaunawar mechanism na aiki ya fada:

• Lokacin yin cire: 80 ms (range na taswira: 60–70 ms); canje-canjin synchronism: 10 ms (hanyar taswira: ≤5 ms)

• Lokacin yin furu: 75 ms (range na taswira: 55–65 ms); canje-canjin synchronism: 12 ms (hanyar taswira: ≤5 ms)
  Duk lokacin yin furu/cire sun ƙare hanyoyin taswira, kuma canje-canjin synchronism ya ƙare, wanda ya nuna masallacin mechanism wanda ke iya haifar da abubuwan da ba su dace ba a lokacin yin furu/cire, kuma ya haifar da arcing da sauya.

2.4 Tattaunawar Musamman Mai Tsauraran Lamari na Dandalin
Sanya duk wadannan nuna:

• Daga ilimin lahilar, karfin insulation ya kara kwarewa, tanδ ya ƙare, wanda ya nuna sauƙi ya barci, kuma ya kirkiri halayen barci.

• Daga ilimin kayan aiki, karfin contact mai karfi ya haifar da rashin sahatun contact da tafaru mai tsawon lokaci, yayin da masallacin mechanism ya haifar da rashin sahatun aiki kuma arcing, wanda ya kirkirar damage na sauƙi.
  Idan kuma an gyara shi a kowace waktin, amma ayyukan karamin shekaru sun fada samun a cikin tsinkin shekaru, kuma masallacin duniya kamar yadda temperature da humidity sun canza sun karkirar ayyukan. Dandalin flashover na disconnector ya faru ne daga tsakanin barcin sauƙi, masallacin kayan aiki, da tsinkin samun.

3.Hanyoyin Dandalin
3.1 Tabbatarwa na Kannin Hannun Mai Amfani
Bayan dandalin flashover, protocol mai amfani ya faru don tabbatar da kwamfuta na grid. Disconnector mai dandalin ya zawa ta kille circuit breakers mai saha, don kula daraja dandalin ya karu. Alamar mai hausa mai saha na disconnector an tattauna su kuma suka gyara su don kula daraja masallacin aiki ko karɓar aiki. Tsarin yin amfani ya gyara sosai: load da ke cikin gini mai dandalin ya zawa zuwa wasu gini masu kyau don kiyaye sadarwa ga abokan ciniki mai mahimmanci. A cikin wannan proses, kima'arrujin tsarin (voltage, current, frequency) an kiyastu sosai don tabbatar da ayyukan tsayi. An sanya abokan aiki su kiyaye wurin dandalin kuma su kula daraja abokan da ba su yarda ba su ci, don kula daraja masallacin biyu.

3.2 Planin Gyaren Samun
Basa kan tattaunawar dalilin da ke tsakiya, an kirkiri planin gyara mai tsaurare:

• Don sauƙi da ke barci: maye kuma sauke sauƙi. Cire wasu abubuwan sauƙi da aka sarrafa, da aka ƙaryata, ko da aka barci, kuma sauke sabon abubuwan da suka dace, don sake saukar karfin sauƙi.

• Don karfin contact mai karfi: tattauna kuma maye springs na contact, gyara karfin contact zuwa ma'anar taswira don kula daraja karfin contact kuma kula daraja tafaru/arcing.

• Don masallacin mechanism: maye abubuwan da aka sarrafa, kuma sauke gyara mechanism don dace da ma'anar taswira akan lokaci da synchronism.

3.3 Tattalin Zafi da Makarantun Fanni
An yi zafi a cikin tushen. An koyi fadada daidai don tafiya mai gaba don tabbatar da yadda damu. A lokacin tattalin zafi, an yanayi abin hawa da sahurra a kan yanki don bincike masu zafi sosai ko karfin rarrabe. An yi amfani da inganci da ma'ana a kan tattalin zafi don haɗa da kuma lalacewar masu zafi domin ba za su kusa ko kusa. An amfani da abubuwa masu tsari don cin amfani a kan makarantun zafi saboda haka a kan duk fasu. An yi amfani da tushen a kan tattalin zafi da kuma tsaftacen bayanaukar zafi don tabbatar da yin aiki mai sauƙi da kula. Ba na yi tattalin zafi, an yi tattaunawa masu gaba—tattalin zafi, tanδ, amfani a kan makarantun zafi, da kuma aiki mai sauƙi—duka su shafi shaida kafin a yi amfani.

4.Tsarin Zafi
4.1 Tattaunawa Ba Na Yi Zafi
Tattaunawa masu gaba sun tabbatar da yin aiki (za a iya duba a kan Daga 1):

• Tattalin zafi: tattalin zafi a kan bayanai biyu ta zama daga 1500 MΩ zuwa 2400 MΩ; tattalin zafi a kan tsakiyar yamma ta zama daga 2000 MΩ zuwa 2800 MΩ—duka su shafi shaida.

• tanδ ta zama daga 0.8% zuwa 0.4%, wanda ya zama a cikin muhimmanci, don tabbatar da yin amfani da kuma karfi.

• Tattaunawa tattalin zafi: a lokacin da ba a yi zafi ba, an yi nasara a kan 480 kV (< shaida); ba na yi zafi, babu nasara a kan 600 kV—don tabbatar da yin tattalin zafi.

4.2 Rikicin Kula da Karkashin Maimaituka

An kula da karkashin disconnector a nan bayan ziyartar maimaitu daga baya 3 wata. Jikiyoyi masu shiga yana cikin hanyar, wanda ya tabbatar da na gane mai sarrafa jikiyoyi masu shiga da kuma jikiyoyi masu shiga. An kula da tushen karfin shiga: lokacin da ake shiga ita 65 ms, lokacin da ake shiga rarrabe 58 ms, tare da fuskantar tsari ≤3 ms. Ba a samu lalacewa ko kawo shiga ba. Amfani da abubuwan da aka duba da kuma amfani da abubuwan da aka kula ta shahara cewa an nuna batun bayan maimaitu da kuma tushen karfi.

5.Takammanin Da Dukkuka Kuma Takammanin
Don in haɗa da tushen GIS da kuma inganta matsalolin bayanawa, yana bukatar da zaɓuɓɓuka da ke da takammanin da dukka:

• Kulla masu waƙo: Yi kulla masu waƙo a ranar ƙarfe da kuma kulla masu waƙo a watan da ake yi da al'amuran da suka fi sani don in tabbatar da muhimmanci.

• Karkashin yanayi masu waƙo: A yi amfani da tattalin karkashin yanayi masu waƙo don in kula da yanayi a lokacin da yake da aiki, jikiyoyi masu shiga, da kuma kayan ruwa don in nuna abubuwan da za su iya faruwa.

• Bayyana masu waƙo: Yi bayyana masu waƙo a lokutan da ake bayyana irin jikiyoyi masu shiga da tanδ don in nuna kyauwar jikiyoyi masu shiga da kuma ci gaban da suka fi sani.

• Zabba da kudin abincin: Zaba abincin GIS da suka fi sani da ke da tushen aiki. Daɗe da hukumomin da ke da takammanin da dukka a lokacin da ake kudin abinci don in nuna gabatar da kuma nasarorin magana.

• Kudin abinci: Tabbata da dukkan parametarin da ke da tushen a lokacin da ake kudin abinci, da kuma rubuta dukkan bayanan da za a iya amfani a lokaci na biyu da kuma lokacin da ake maimaitu.

• Kullumomi da kuma al'adumin: Yi kullo da kuma al'adumin da suka fi sani a lokutan da ake yi da al'amuran da suka fi sani don in inganta ilimin al'amuran da kuma aiki da al'amuran da suka fi sani, don in tabbatar da amsa da tushen karfi da kuma inganta kyauwar jikiyoyi masu shiga.

6.Kammala
An nuna bayanai da kuma bayanin bayan bayan bayan maimaitu a disconnector da 550 kV. Rubutun bayanai masu waƙo da kula da yanayi a ƙarfin bayanai ya nuna sabbin bayanai. An yi amfani da zaɓuɓɓukan da ke da takammanin da dukka da kuma amfani da zaɓuɓɓukan da ke da maimaitu, wanda ya nuna bayanai a lokacin da ake kula da abubuwan da aka kula da kula da yanayi. Takammanin da aka bayyana suna da muhimmanci da ke da aiki, wanda suke bayyana bayanai da za su iya amfani a lokacin da ake maimaitu GIS. A lokacin da biyu, yana bukatar da a yi bincike da muhimmanci don in inganta kyauwar jikiyoyi masu shiga da kuma tushen karfi na gwamnati.