Talabijin Nafar da Zabe ta Fasaha na Busbar Na'urar da Duk Tashin Maimakonin Konsulata a Tsakiyar Baraƙi Masu Yawan Baraƙi

1. Zabi da Mafi Girma na Turanci na Wata Kula Da Tashin Karamin Kirkiro
1.1 Addinin Turancin Kula
Turancin kula na tashin karamin kirkiro (UHV) ta yi amfani da turancin kula na thyristor ko insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) don gida tashin karamin kirkiro (AC) zuwa tashin karamin shaida (DC) da kuma karshen haka. A cikin misal na turancin kula na thyristor, yana da thyristors masu habaka da kuma koyarwa. Don inganta da gudanar da tashin karamin, turancin kula ta yi amfani da kontrolin kiyasin (turn-on) da kuma turn-off na thyristors. A lokacin da ake yi aiki, turancin kula ta gida tashin karamin kirkiro zuwa tashin karamin shaida ko karamin shaida zuwa tashin karamin kirkiro daga baya da tsari na kiyasa da wakar [1].

1.2 Sabbin da Masu Amfani da Prosesin Turancin Kula
Turancin kula zai iya faruwa saboda abubuwan da suka dace, ciki har da tashin karamin kirkiro mai yawa, tashin karamin shaida mai yawa, nasarorin abubuwa uku, da kuma nasarorin kontrolin da alama. Idan an samun wannan nauyin, sistemar kontrolin da alama ta bayarfi shiga fiye don ya kiyasa, ta tabbatar da ci gaba da kiyasan koyar da thyristors ko IGBT, kuma ta gida turancin kula.

A cikin prosesin turancin kula, ana iya samun takamfofin da ya faruwa a cikin parametosin tashin karamin. Misali, a cikin karamin girman, ba a turancin kula ta kiyasa, tashin karamin kirkiro ta zama da rarrabe. Amma, saboda inductance na linar, tashin karamin shaida ba zai zama da zero a kan waɗannan lokaci, kuma zai ci gaba da ci gaba har zuwa wurare da koyar da kabilu na busbar na neutral, tana da shaida mai girma. A cikin wannan lokaci, maimakon da ke yi aiki don kabilu na busbar na neutral yana da kyau don kiyasa tashin karamin shaida don hana da sararin abubuwa da za su iya faruwar da tashin karamin mai yawa [2].

2. Addinin Aiki na Maimakon da Ke Yi Aiki don Kabilu na Busbar na Neutral a Cikin Turancin Kula
2.1 Takamfofin Parametosin Tashin Karamin
A lokacin da ake yi turancin kula, tashin karamin da kuma tashin karamin na maimakon da ke yi aiki don kabilu na busbar na neutral suna faruwa da takamfofin da suka dace. A cikin tashin karamin shaida, saboda turancin kula ta kiyasa tashin karamin na biyu, tashin karamin mai yawa yana faruwa a cikin busbar na neutral da abubuwan da suka haɗa. Ba tare, saboda takamfofin da suka faruwa a cikin sistemar, tashin karamin mai yawa zai iya faruwa a cikin maimakon da ke yi aiki don kabilu na busbar na neutral.

Misali, a cikin babban projekta na UHV DC transmission, ba a turancin kula ta kiyasa, tashin karamin na busbar na neutral ta zama da 2-3 daga tashin karamin da aka bayyana, kuma tashin karamin na maimakon da ke yi aiki don kabilu na busbar na neutral ta faruwa da takamfofin da suka dace, tana zama da 1.5 daga tashin karamin na aiki. Tafanan 1 ta bayyana takamfofin da suka faruwa a cikin parametosin tashin karamin a lokacin da ake yi turancin kula.

Tafanan 1: Takamfofin da Suka Faruwa a Cikin Parametosin Tashin Karamin A Lokacin Da Ake Yi Turancin Kula a Cikin Babban Projekta na UHV DC Transmission

2.2 Yadda Yadda Tsari
Idan an kuma fitaccen tashar fayuwa, ana bukatar don gagar da yake da tsari na kayan aiki da kuma tsari na inganci. Tsari na kayan aiki yana nuna daga abin da ya fi shi da yanayi da kuma yanayi, wanda ke zama da yake da tsakasa ga mazaunukan gagar da yake da kuma zama da yake da rike. Tsari na inganci na nuna daga farshe da suka faruwa a lokacin da ake yi karfin karo da karo, da kuma farshe mai yawa da suka faruwa saboda yanayi da ya fi shi da yanayi. Misali, a lokacin da ake yi fitaccen tashar fayuwa, za su iya zama da yake da rike ko kuma zama da yake da rike ga mazaunukan gagar da yake, wanda ke zama da yake da nasara ga karfin karo da karo.

3.Nau'o'in Yadda Yadda Tsawo da Kulaɗi Masu Kayan Aiki Da Farkon Tashar Fayuwa
3.1 Gargajiya Gagar da Yake
3.1.1 Ingantaccen Nau'o'i
Gargajiya gagar da yake ita ce wanda ke nuna daga cikin nau'o'in masu kayan aiki da farkon tashar fayuwa. Ana nuna daga cikin gargajiya ko kuma zama da yake da rike ga mazaunukan gagar da yake, wanda ke zama da yake da nasara ga nasarorin gagar da yake da kuma zama da yake da rike. Misali, a cikin banga da aka yi waɗannan lokaci, an samu amfani da mazaunukan gagar da yake, wanda ke zama da yake da rike da kuma zama da yake da rike ga mazaunukan gagar da yake, wanda ke zama da yake da nasara ga nasarorin gagar da yake.

3.1.2 Kulaɗi
Masana kulaɗi ga gargajiya gagar da yake sun hada da kowane ƙarin. Kima, amfani da kayan aiki a lokacin da ake yi fitaccen tashar fayuwa, ke zama da yake da rike ga mazaunukan gagar da yake, wanda ke zama da yake da nasara ga nasarorin gagar da yake. Duka, yanayi da yanayi da suka faruwa a lokacin da ake yi fitaccen tashar fayuwa, ke zama da yake da nasara ga nasarorin gagar da yake, wanda ke zama da yake da nasara ga nasarorin gagar da yake. Duk da haka, alamomin aiki masu yawan tsakiyar ruwa da kuma yawan tsakiyar kusa, ke zama da yake da nasara ga nasarorin gagar da yake. Misali, a cikin banga da aka yi waɗannan lokaci, an samu amfani da mazaunukan gagar da yake, wanda ke zama da yake da rike da kuma zama da yake da rike ga mazaunukan gagar da yake, wanda ke zama da yake da nasara ga nasarorin gagar da yake.

3.2 Gargajiya Mazaunukan Gagar da Yake
3.2.1 Ingantaccen Nau'o'i
Nau'o'in mazaunukan gagar da yake sun nuna daga cikin karfin karo da karo da kuma babbar rike da ba ake yi karfi. Misali, a lokacin da ake yi fitaccen tashar fayuwa, an samu amfani da mazaunukan gagar da yake, wanda ke zama da yake da rike da kuma zama da yake da rike ga mazaunukan gagar da yake, wanda ke zama da yake da nasara ga nasarorin gagar da yake.

3.2.2 Kulaɗi
Masana kulaɗi ga gargajiya mazaunukan gagar da yake sun hada da kowane ƙarin. Kima, amfani da kayan aiki a lokacin da ake yi fitaccen tashar fayuwa, ke zama da yake da rike ga mazaunukan gagar da yake, wanda ke zama da yake da nasara ga nasarorin gagar da yake. Duka, yanayi da yanayi da suka faruwa a lokacin da ake yi fitaccen tashar fayuwa, ke zama da yake da nasara ga nasarorin gagar da yake, wanda ke zama da yake da nasara ga nasarorin gagar da yake. Duk da haka, alamomin aiki masu yawan tsakiyar ruwa da kuma yawan tsakiyar kusa, ke zama da yake da nasara ga nasarorin gagar da yake. Misali, a cikin banga da aka yi waɗannan lokaci, an samu amfani da mazaunukan gagar da yake, wanda ke zama da yake da rike da kuma zama da yake da rike ga mazaunukan gagar da yake, wanda ke zama da yake da nasara ga nasarorin gagar da yake.

3.3 Gargajiya Mazaunukan Gagar da Yake
3.3.1 Ingantaccen Nau'o'i
Nau'o'in mazaunukan gagar da yake sun nuna daga cikin karfin karo da karo da kuma babbar rike da ba ake yi karfi. Misali, a lokacin da ake yi fitaccen tashar fayuwa, an samu amfani da mazaunukan gagar da yake, wanda ke zama da yake da rike da kuma zama da yake da rike ga mazaunukan gagar da yake, wanda ke zama da yake da nasara ga nasarorin gagar da yake.

3.3.2 Kulaɗi
Masana kulaɗi ga gargajiya mazaunukan gagar da yake sun hada da kowane ƙarin. Kima, amfani da kayan aiki a lokacin da ake yi fitaccen tashar fayuwa, ke zama da yake da rike ga mazaunukan gagar da yake, wanda ke zama da yake da nasara ga nasarorin gagar da yake. Duka, yanayi da yanayi da suka faruwa a lokacin da ake yi fitaccen tashar fayuwa, ke zama da yake da nasara ga nasarorin gagar da yake, wanda ke zama da yake da nasara ga nasarorin gagar da yake. Duk da haka, alamomin aiki masu yawan tsakiyar ruwa da kuma yawan tsakiyar kusa, ke zama da yake da nasara ga nasarorin gagar da yake. Misali, a cikin banga da aka yi waɗannan lokaci, an samu amfani da mazaunukan gagar da yake, wanda ke zama da yake da rike da kuma zama da yake da rike ga mazaunukan gagar da yake, wanda ke zama da yake da nasara ga nasarorin gagar da yake.

3.4 Gargajiya Mazaunukan Gagar da Yake
3.4.1 Ingantaccen Nau'o'i
Nau'o'in mazaunukan gagar da yake sun nuna daga cikin karfin karo da karo da kuma babbar rike da ba ake yi karfi. Misali, a lokacin da ake yi fitaccen tashar fayuwa, an samu amfani da mazaunukan gagar da yake, wanda ke zama da yake da rike da kuma zama da yake da rike ga mazaunukan gagar da yake, wanda ke zama da yake da nasara ga nasarorin gagar da yake.

3.4.2 Kulaɗi
Masana kulaɗi ga gargajiya mazaunukan gagar da yake sun hada da kowane ƙarin. Kima, amfani da kayan aiki a lokacin da ake yi fitaccen tashar fayuwa, ke zama da yake da rike ga mazaunukan gagar da yake, wanda ke zama da yake da nasara ga nasarorin gagar da yake. Duka, yanayi da yanayi da suka faruwa a lokacin da ake yi fitaccen tashar fayuwa, ke zama da yake da nasara ga nasarorin gagar da yake, wanda ke zama da yake da nasara ga nasarorin gagar da yake. Duk da haka, alamomin aiki masu yawan tsakiyar ruwa da kuma yawan tsakiyar kusa, ke zama da yake da nasara ga nasarorin gagar da yake. Misali, a cikin banga da aka yi waɗannan lokaci, an samu amfani da mazaunukan gagar da yake, wanda ke zama da yake da rike da kuma zama da yake da rike ga mazaunukan gagar da yake, wanda ke zama da yake da nasara ga nasarorin gagar da yake.

Don sami da na fahimta tsari na kowane abu a cikin abubuwa daga hanyar jiragen bayanin mafi girma a cikin ci gaba masu shiga da sauran bayanan jiragen bayanin mafi girma daga tushen UHV DC, an yi tattara bayanai na ranarren bayanai daga tushuka da yawa, cewa ake koyarwa a Kofin 2.

Kofin 2: Tsari na Abubuwan Jiragen Bayanin Mafi Girma Daga Hanyar Shiga Da Saukan Bayanan Jiragen Bayanin Mafi Girma

4. Talauci da Kula da Faults da Sabbin Kirkiro da Busbar ta Tsakiyar Gwamnatu A Cikin Inganci da UHV Converter Valve Blocking
4.1 Talauci da Kula da Faults
4.1.1 Inganta a Zabta da Zanen Yadda Ake Zabi da Kyauwa Masana
A Cikin Inganci na Takalma da UHV DC Transmission Projects, ya kamata a duba darasi masu gaba-gaba kamar blocking da converter valve wanda yake iya haifar da busbar ta tsakiyar gwamnatu, kuma ya kamata a inganta zabta da kyauwan masana. Ana bukatar da zabe da cikakken tashar insulayi, contacts da yawan tsakiyar zamani, yanayin aiki da yawan dukkan, da current transformers da yawa da yawan dukkan. Misali, insulating porcelain bushings da ake gina su ne a kan malamai da hanyoyin aiki masu gaskiya suna iya inganta yawan insulayi; contact materials da yawan tsakiyar zamani suna iya yanka yawan aiki da contacts; da yanayin aiki da cikakken tashar suna iya tabbatar da opening/closing mai yawan dukkan a kan duk al'amuran aiki.

4.1.2 Inganta a Maida da Bincike da Masana
Ya kamata a gina system mai maida da bincike masu gaskiya don maida da bincike parameters operational da busbar ta tsakiyar gwamnatu, kamar electrical parameters, temperature, pressure, vibration, da wasu indicators. Tun daga data analysis, ana iya samun fault risks a lokacin farko. Misali, infrared thermography zai iya amfani a matsayin maida da bincike temperatures a kan contacts da connection points; abnormal temperature rises zai iya haifar da bincike da corrective actions. Online monitoring da insulation resistance da partial discharge zai taimaka a bayyana tashar insulayi. Da kuma, routine maintenance—kamar cleaning, lubrication, da tightening—zai bukatar don inganta yawan aiki da masana.

4.1.3 Inganta a Tashar Environment da Ake Aiki Masana
Ya kamata a inganta tashar environment da ake aiki masana don kula da impacts environmental. Misali, air purification systems zai iya gina su ne a substations don kula da airborne contaminants da corrosive gases; effective moisture control measures—kamar dehumidifiers—zai iya maintain dry conditions a kan masana. A cikin areas da take da coastline ko industrial pollution, special protective treatments—kamar anti-corrosion coatings—zai iya amfani a matsayin tushen yadda ake kula da environmental degradation.

4.2 Kula da Faults
4.2.1 Amfani da Technologies Mai Kula da Faults Duk Farko
Idan fault an samun a busbar ta tsakiyar gwamnatu, ya kamata a amfani da technologies mai kula da faults duk fuskantar zuwa don bayyana fault type da root cause. Intelligent diagnostic systems, tare da real-time operational data da fault characteristics, suna iya taimaka don kula da fault localization through data analysis da model-based calculations. Misali, real-time monitoring da analysis da current da voltage parameters zai iya taimaka don bayyana idan insulayi fail, contact damage, ko current transformer malfunction; vibration analysis zai iya bayyana mechanical issues a kan operating mechanism.

4.2.2 Gine Procedures Mai Kula da Faults Mai Dalilai
Ya kamata a gine procedures mai kula da faults mai dalilai don taimaka don response da yawan dukkan da effective. Wadannan procedures suna da fault reporting, on-site inspection, fault diagnosis, repair planning, implementation of repairs, equipment testing, da acceptance verification. A cikin process, strict adherence to safety protocols yana da muhimmanci don protect personnel da masana. Misali, idan ake buƙata insulayi, power must first be disconnected da stored energy discharged before inspection da repair; after component replacement, rigorous testing da acceptance checks must confirm that performance meets required standards.

4.2.3 Emergency Backup Equipment da Contingency Plans
Don kula da impact da faults da busbar ta tsakiyar gwamnatu ke haifar da system operation, emergency backup equipment zai iya bukatar, da comprehensive contingency plans. Idan fault mai yawan za'a ba zai iya amfani a lokacin da zai, backup equipment zai iya amfani don restore normal system operation. Regular maintenance da testing da backup equipment zai bukatar don ensure it remains in good standby condition. Contingency plan zai bayyana emergency response procedures, personnel responsibilities, communication protocols, da wasu key elements don taimaka don orderly da efficient emergency handling.

5. Conclusion
A cikin UHV converter valve blocking, busbar ta tsakiyar gwamnatu suna da fault risks—kamar insulayi fail, operating mechanism malfunction, contact damage, da current transformer faults—daban-daban suna iya haifar da safe da stable operation da UHV DC transmission systems. Tun daga detailed case studies, common fault types da their causes an samun bayanai. Don kula da faults, preventive measures suna bukatar a cikin zabta da kyauwan masana, operational monitoring da maintenance, da environmental improvement. Da kuma, fault handling strategies—kamar rapid diagnostic technologies, standardized repair procedures, da emergency backup systems—suna bukatar don inganta yawan aiki da UHV DC transmission systems.