Batutu a Tsaki na Batutu a Kwamfuta

Zanen Zuba

Zuba ita ce alama da take faruwa saboda hanyar kimiyya. Har zuwan lissafin kimiyya yana da muhimmanci na faruwa karamin tsari bayan duwatsu.
Zanen zuba suna da hanyoyi da suke faruwa saboda hanyar kimiyya don kara karamin tsari. Don samun karfi mai kyau a tsarin zuba, za a taka rawa masu zuba a nan. Saboda haka ana iya cewa, zuba ita ce jam'iya da zanen zuba, inda zanen zuba ita ce yawan zuba. Misali, zanen zuba na nickel-cadmium zanen zuba ya shafi gaba da 1.2 V wajen zanen zuba idan an yi nasara, amma zuba na lead acid ya shafi gaba da 2 V wajen zanen zuba. Saboda haka zuba da 12 volt ta shafi gaba da 6 zanen zuba a nan.

EMF of Battery

Idan mutum ya kawo karamin tsari bayan duwatsu na zuba a lokacin da ba a sanya zuba, yana samu karamin tsari da aka faruwa a lokacin da ba a ci karami mai yawa a nan. Wannan karamin tsari yana nufin electromotive force ko emf of battery. Ana kiran wannan a matsayin no-load voltage of battery.

Terminal Voltage of Battery

Terminal voltage of battery ita ce karamin tsari bayan duwatsu a lokacin da ake ci karami daga zuba. Idan ake sanya zuba, za a ci karami a nan. Kamar yadda zuba ita ce tashar karami, yana da kudurwa a nan. Saboda haka internal resistance of battery, za a faruwa karamin tsari a nan. Saboda haka, idan mutum ya kawo terminal voltage of the load i.e. terminal voltage of battery a lokacin da ake sanya, yana samu karamin tsari wanda yake da yawan da emf of the battery baki daya.

Idan E ita ce emf ko no-load voltage of the battery da kuma V ita ce terminal voltage of load voltage of the battery, then E – V = internal voltage drop of the battery.
Kamar Ohm’s law, wannan internal voltage drop ba wani abu ne kundi haske da kudurwa da ake faruwa a nan da karami da ake ci.

Internal Resistance of Battery

Duk kudurwa da ake faruwa a zuba daga duwatsu mai haska zuwa duwatsu mai raji ita ce internal resistance of battery.

Series Parallel Batteries

Zanen zuba suna da kyakkyawan mazaunuka a series, a parallel da kuma a cikin mazaunukan mazaunukan.

Series Batteries

Idan a zuba, duwatsu mai raji na zanen zuba ita ce da ake sanya da duwatsu mai haska na zanen zuba na biyu, ana kiran zanen zuba a nan a series connected ko kuma series battery. A nan, overall emf of the battery ita ce haske duka zanen zuba a nan. Amma overall discharged current of the battery ba za a dole wajen discharged current of individual cells.

Idan E ita ce overall emf of the battery combined by n number cells and E1, E2, E3, …………… En suna da emfs of individual cells.

Duk da haka, idan r1, r2, r3, …………… rn suna da internal resistances of individual cells, then the internal resistance of the battery will be equal to the sum of the internal resistance of the individual cells i.e.

Parallel Batteries

Idan duwatsu mai raji na duk zanen zuba suna da kyakkyawan sanya, kuma duwatsu mai haska na zanen zuba suna da kyakkyawan sanya, ana kiran zanen zuba a nan a parallel. Wadannan combinations suna kiran parallel batteries. Idan emf of each cell ita ce mafi inganci, then the emf of the battery combined by n numbers of cells connected in parallel, ita ce emf of each cell. The resultant internal resistance of the combination is,

Karamin tsari da ake faruwa daga zuba ita ce haske duka karamin tsari da ake faruwa daga zanen zuba.

Mixed Grouping of Batteries or Series Parallel Batteries

Kamar yadda ake cewa, zanen zuba a zuba suna da kyakkyawan mazaunukan mazaunukan. Wadannan combinations suna kiran series parallel battery. Load can require both voltage and current more than that of an individual battery cell. For achieving the required load voltage, the desired numbers of battery cells can be combined in series and for achieving the required load current, desired numbers of these series combinations are connected in parallel. Let m, numbers of series, each containing n numbers of identical cells, are connected in parallel.

Duk da haka assume emf of each cell is E and internal resistance of each cell is r. As n numbers of cells are connected in each series, the emf of each series as well as the battery will be nE. The equivalent resistance of the series is nr. As, m number of series connected in parallel equivalent internal resistance of that