Tattalin da Gudummawa da Turanci na Noma Kirkiyya
Gurbin Da Iya Karya Da Photovoltaic (PV) Na Noma
Tattalin noma na photovoltaic (PV) yana da muhimmanci mai PV, kontrola, inbirta, batari, da wasu abubuwa masu tashin (batari ba zan iya bukata don tattalin noma na grid). Idan kuna neman cewa an yi amfani da shirye-shiryar gwamnati, ana gaba tattalin noma na PV zuwa wata na off-grid da wata na grid-connected. Tattalin noma na off-grid ke kusa da suka yi aiki biliyan-biliyan baya bayan shirye-shiryar gwamnati. Suna da batari don inganta kyauwar takardun aiki, suna iya bayar tasiri ga mazauna a lokacin da rana da rayuka ko ranar duba mai tsayi domin ya fi dace da noma na PV.
Idan ba kuma ne tattalin noma, tushen aiki ce kadan: Muhimman PV ke kafin kawo rawar sama zuwa karamin noma na DC, wanda an kafin kawo zuwa karamin noma na AC ta haka an kafin ake amfani da shi ko kafin ake saka shi a shirye-shiryar gwamnati.
1. Muhimman PV
Muhimman PV suna da muhimmanci a cikin tattalin noma daban-daban. Ana gina suna da muhimmanci PV, wanda an kafin kawo zuwa iyakokin da ake gina su. Saboda fadada na karamin noma da karamin ruwa na PV duk biyu ce kadan, ana kofin muhimman PV biyu-biyu don samun fadada na karamin noma, sannan kofin muhimman PV biyu-biyu don samun fadada na karamin ruwa. A gine-ginen da aka gina, ana kara diodin da ya kai (don kare karamin noma na juye), sannan ana kula a cikin kayan kula na stainless steel, aluminum, ko kayan kula na baya. An kula shi da glass na juye, backsheet na kasa, kula da gas na nitrogen, sannan an kula shi da kula mai kula. Muhimman PV biyu-biyu da suka kofin zuwa biyu-biyu suna da muhimmanci PV array (ko solar array).
Tushen aiki: Idan rawar sama ta kama p-n junction na muhimman PV, ana kafa electron-hole pairs. Idan an kasa circuit, holes suna kai zuwa p-region, electrons suna kai zuwa n-region. Idan an kasa circuit, karamin noma suna kai. Muhimman muhimman PV shine kawo rawar sama zuwa karamin noma, kuma ake koye a batari ko kafin ake amfani da shi don mazauna.
Abubuwan muhimman PV:
Silicon na Monocrystalline:Efficiency ≈ 18%, karkashin 24% - na muhimmanci a cikin duk abubuwan PV. Ana kula shi da glass na juye da resin na waterproof, wanda ke kare shi da kyau da takalma (lifespan na 25 shekaru).
Silicon na Polycrystalline:Efficiency ≈ 14%. Tushen gina ce kadan da monocrystalline, amma na fadada na karamin noma, kudin, da kudin takalma. Amma, yana da muhimmanci saboda yana da muhimmanci, kudin, da kudin takalma, kuma ana amfani da shi a kan kungiyoyi.
Amorphous Silicon (Thin-Film):Efficiency ≈ 10%. Ana gina shi da tushen gina na thin-film, kudin silicon da kudin karamin noma. Muhimman muhimmanci shine ita ce a lokacin da rayuka mai tsayi.
2. Kontrola (An Amfani Da Shida a Tattalin Off-Grid)
Kontrola na noma na PV shine abin da ake amfani da shi don kare batari kai zuwa da kai zuwa. Ana kara shi da CPU microprocessor na high-speed da high-precision A/D converter, wanda ke kare shi da muhimmanci a cikin data acquisition da monitoring control system. Yana iya kawo data na aiki a baya, kawo tabbaci game da yanayi, kuma koye tarihi, wanda ke kare shi da muhimmanci don kawo tabbaci game da tushen gina da muhimman kompooni. Yana amfani da serial communication don kawo tabbaci game da tushen gina da muhimman sub-stations na PV.
3. Inbirta
Inbirta ke kawo karamin noma na DC na muhimman PV zuwa karamin noma na AC, wanda ke kare shi da muhimmanci a cikin abubuwan AC-powered. Inbirta na PV shine muhimman BOS (balance-of-system) component da ke da muhimman muhimman Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) da islanding protection.
Abubuwan Solar Inverters:
Standalone Inverter:An amfani da shi a tattalin off-grid. Array na PV ke kai batari, sannan inbirta ke kawo karamin noma na DC zuwa mazauna na AC. Duk inbirta na standalone suna da battery chargers na built-in wanda ke kawo karamin noma na AC zuwa batari. Wadannan inbirta ba suka kasa shirye-shiryar gwamnati, ba suka bukata islanding protection.
Grid-Tied Inverter:Ke kawo karamin noma na AC zuwa shirye-shiryar gwamnati. Output waveform shi ya kamata kawo phase, frequency, da voltage na shirye-shiryar. Idan an kasa shirye-shiryar, yana kasa aiki don kawo tabbaci. Ba suka bayar tasiri ga mazauna a lokacin da an kasa shirye-shiryar.
Battery Backup Inverter:Wani inbirta na musamman wanda ke amfani da batari zuwa muhimman power source, da ke da charger don kawo karamin noma na AC zuwa batari. Excess power ke kasa shirye-shiryar. A lokacin da an kasa shirye-shiryar, yana bayar tasiri ga circuits na mazauna, kuma ke da islanding protection.
4. Batari (Babu Zan Iya Bukata Don Tattalin Grid-Connected)
Batari shine energy storage unit a tattalin noma. Abubuwan batari na musamman sun hada da sealed lead-acid, flooded lead-acid, gel, da nickel-cadmium alkaline batteries. Sealed lead-acid da gel batteries suna da muhimmanci a cikin tattalin noma.
Tushen aiki: A ranar, rawar sama ta kama muhimman PV, kuma ke kawo karamin noma na DC, kuma ke kawo rawar zuwa karamin noma. Karamin noma shi ke kasa kontrola, wanda ke kare batari kai zuwa, sannan ke koye a batari don amfani da shi a lokacin da an bukata.
