Inganci Masu Samun Fafutukar Maida
Inganci masu samun fafutukar maida yana nufin kawo wata naɗa ta maida daidai zuwa naɗa ta maida daban-daban. Naɗar maida na musamman zai iya canzawa zuwa naɗar maida na hankali, kuma kadan-kadanda.
Naɗar Maida na Musamman
Naɗar maida na musamman yana da ideal naɗar maida da tsafta da riyar kananan (ko impedansa, don cikin sauki). Don naɗar maida na ideal, wannan riyar kananan ba shi ne, ya'ni babban maida yake da zaɓe baki daya haka haka ba tare da tsari mai magance. Misalai sun hada da cells, batteries, da generators.
Naɗar Maida na Hankali
Naɗar maida na hankali yana da ideal naɗar maida da tsafta da riyar kananan (ko impedansa). Don naɗar maida na ideal, wannan riyar kananan ba shi ne, ya'ni babban maida yake da zaɓe baki daya haka haka ba tare da tsari mai magance. Devices na semiconductor kamar transistors suna da amfani a matsayin naɗoyi na hankali. Outputs daga naɗoyi na maida na DC ko AC suna nufin direct ko alternating current sources, kadan-kadanda.
Yadda Ake Iyakki Da Su
Naɗoyi na maida da naɗoyi na hankali suna da iyakka ta hanyar inganci masu samun fafutukar maida. Don misali, duba cikin sauki:

Saukin A yana nuna naɗar maida na musamman da tsafta da riyar kananan rv, kuma Saukin B yana nuna naɗar maida na hankali da tsafta da riyar kananan ri.
Don naɗar maida na musamman, tsari mai magance ita ce:

Idan,
iLv ita ce tsari mai magance na naɗar maida na musamman
V ita ce maida
rv ita ce riyar kananan na naɗar maida
rL ita ce riyar kananan mai magance
An yi ƙarin bayani cewa riyar kananan mai magance rL an haɗa a kan terminals x-y. Kudin haka, don naɗar maida na hankali, tsari mai magance ita ce:
iLi ita ce tsari mai magance na naɗar maida na hankali
I ita ce hankali
ri ita ce riyar kananan na naɗar maida na hankali
rL ita ce riyar kananan mai magance da ke haɗa a kan terminal x-y a sauken B
Biyu naɗoyi suna da iyakka, idan muna yi equation (1) da equation (2)

Amma, don naɗar maida na hankali, idan terminals x-y suka zama (ba a haɗa), maida na terminal a x-y ita ce V = I ×ri. Saboda haka, muna samu:

Saboda haka, don waɗannan naɗar maida na musamman da ideal naɗar maida V da riyar kananan rv, zai iya canzawa naɗar maida zuwa naɗar maida na hankali I da riyar kananan da ke haɗa a kan naɗar maida na hankali.
Inganci Masu Samun Fafutukar Maida: Canzawa Naɗar Maida zuwa Naɗar Maida na Hankali

Idan naɗar maida yana da tsafta da riyar kananan da ke bukatar canzawa zuwa naɗar maida na hankali, riyar kananan an haɗa a kan naɗar maida na hankali, kamar yadda ake nuna a sauken da ke gaba. Hakan, maɗar daɗi na naɗar maida na hankali ita ce:R

A cikin sauken da ke gaba, naɗar maida na hankali da tsafta da riyar kananan zai iya canzawa zuwa naɗar maida ta hanyar haɗa riyar kananan a kan naɗar maida. Hakan, maɗar daɗi na naɗar maida ita ce:Vs = Is × R