Free Expert Guides on Power Systems, Circuit Design & Electrical Troubleshooting

Definition of SwitchgearA switchgear is a generic term which includes all the switching devices associated with power system protection. It also includes all devices associated with control, metering and regulating of electrical power systems. Assembly of such devices in a logical manner forms switchgear. In other words systems used for switching, controlling and protecting the electrical power circuits and different types of electrical equipment are known as switchgear. This is very basic defin

Generally electrical switchgear rated upto 1KV is termed as low voltage switchgear. The term LV Switchgear includes low voltage circuit breakers, switches, off load electrical isolators, HRC fuses, earth leakage circuit breaker, miniature circuit breakers (MCB) and molded case circuit breakers (MCCB) etc i.e. all the accessories required to protect the LV system. The most common use of LV switchgear is in LV distribution board. This system has the following partsIncomerThe incomer feeds incoming

Previously there was very little demand for electrical energy. A single small electrical generating unit could meet the localized demand. Nowadays the demand for electrical energy is tremendously increasing along with the modernization of human lifestyles. To meet this increasing electrical load demand, we have to establish quite a large number of big power plants.But from the economic point of view, this is not always possible to build a power plant nearer to the load centers. We define load ce

It can be of three (3) types of electric cable faults found. They are There may be a short circuit between two conductors, There may be earth fault, i.e., fault between conductor and ground, There may be open circuit caused due to disconnection of the conductor.There can be more than one of the faults at a time.The primary cause of the 1st and 2nd fault is due to damage of insulation caused by water, moisture or other reason. Due to the defect in the armour, plumbing or the lubricant compound ge

For carrying of overhead line, wooden poles, concrete poles, steel poles and rail poles are used. Which poles are to be used, depending on the importance of load, location, and place, cost effect of such construction, including maintenance cost, and keeping its profit element in mind. In low voltage line for all phases, natural and earth we use single pole line. There are different types of poles used in the electrical system. These poles are Wooden Electric Pole Concrete Electric Pole Steel Tub

What is Load Factor?In electrical engineering, the Load Factor is defined as a ratio of the average load divided by the maximum (or peak) load in a given time of period. In other words, the Load Factor is the ratio of total energy (kWh) used over a specific period of time to the total possible energy available within that period (i.e. peak demand over that specific time period). Load Factor can be calculated on a daily, monthly, or yearly basis. The equation of Load Factor is;The Load Factor is

What is Impedance Matching?Impedance matching is defined as the process of designing the input impedance and output impedance of an electrical load to minimize the signal reflection or maximize the power transfer of the load.An electrical circuit consists of power sources like amplifier or generator and electrical load like a light bulb or transmission line have a source impedance. This source impedance is equivalent to resistance in series with reactance.According to the maximum power transfer

What is Earthing?Equipment earthing is a connection done through a metal link between the body of any electrical appliance, or neutral point, as the case may be, to the deeper ground soil. The metal link is normally of MS flat, CI flat, and GI wire which should be penetrated into the ground earth grid.Equipment earthing is based on IS:3043-1987 Standards. Classification of electrical equipment IS: 9409-1980 Important rules for safety and earthing practice is based on IE rules 1956 Guide on effec

The points we must earth in an electrical substation include: The neutral point of differentvoltagelevels The metallic enclosure of allcurrentcarrying equipment The framework of all current carrying equipment All the metallic structure even not associated with current carrying equipmentMethod of EarthingWe connect all the points to be earthed with the earthing grid with corrosion resistance mild still rods. We bury the connection rods a minimum 600 mm below the ground level. If these horizontall

We should probably earth each tower of an electrical transmission line. We must measure footing resistance of each tower. We should take the footing resistance of tower in dry season before stringing the earth wire and/or OPGW (where OPGW is applicable). In any circumstances footing resistance of the tower will not be more than 10 ohms.We should use either pipe earthing or counterpoise for earthing of the electrical transmission line tower. The tower earthing lug should extend beyond the concret