E = (C * U) / 1000
C = (E * 1000) / U
E = Energy (KWh)
C = Capacity (Ah)
U = Voltage (V)
A web-based tool for converting battery capacity between Amp-hours (Ah) and Kilowatt-hours (kWh), ideal for electric vehicles, energy storage systems, and solar power applications.
This calculator helps users convert charge capacity (Ah) into energy (kWh), with clear explanations of key battery parameters for better understanding of battery performance and state.
| Parameter | Description |
|---|---|
| Capacity | Battery capacity in Amp-hours (Ah), indicating how much current the battery can deliver over time. Kilowatt-hours (kWh) is a unit of energy representing the total stored or delivered power. Formula: kWh = Ah × Voltage (V) ÷ 1000 |
| Voltage (V) | The electrical potential difference between two points, measured in volts (V). Essential for energy calculation. |
| Depth of Discharge (DoD) | The percentage of battery capacity that has been discharged relative to the total capacity. - Complementary to State of Charge (SoC): SoC + DoD = 100% - Can be expressed as % or in Ah - Actual capacity may exceed nominal, so DoD can go beyond 100% (e.g., up to 110%) |
| State of Charge (SoC) | The remaining battery charge as a percentage of total capacity. 0% = empty, 100% = full. |
| Depleted Capacity | The total amount of energy drawn from the battery, in kWh or Ah. |
Battery: 50 Ah, 48 V
If Depth of Discharge (DoD) = 80% →
Energy = 50 × 48 / 1000 = 2.4 kWh
Depleted Energy = 2.4 × 80% = 1.92 kWh
1. Estimating EV driving range
2. Designing home energy storage systems
3. Calculating available energy in off-grid solar setups
4. Analyzing battery cycle life and efficiency
Ah (Amp-hours) is a unit of charge capacity, indicating how much current a battery can deliver over time; kWh (Kilowatt-hours) is a unit of energy, representing the total energy stored. Voltage is required as the bridge between the two, using the formula: kWh = Ah × V ÷ 1000. The same 100 Ah battery stores only 1.2 kWh in a 12V system, but 4.8 kWh in a 48V system — a 4× difference.
DoD indicates how much capacity has been discharged, while SoC indicates how much charge remains. They are complementary: SoC + DoD = 100%. For example, when DoD is 80%, SoC is 20%, meaning 80% of the battery has been used and 20% remains. In practice, fully discharging a battery (DoD = 100%) is not recommended as it shortens battery life. Most lithium batteries recommend keeping DoD within 80%–90%.
First, convert the battery Ah to kWh (kWh = Ah × V ÷ 1000) to get the total energy storage; then estimate the range based on the vehicle's energy consumption (usually expressed in Wh/km). For example, a 48V 100Ah battery stores 4.8 kWh. If the vehicle consumes 150 Wh/km, the theoretical range is approximately 4800 ÷ 150 ≈ 32 km. Actual range also depends on DoD limits, temperature, load, and road conditions.
It is commonly used for EV driving range estimation (Ah to kWh conversion), home energy storage system design (calculating total battery energy), off-grid solar system configuration (evaluating available energy), battery cycle life and efficiency analysis, and academic learning and exams in physics and engineering.
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