The safe and economical operation of power transformers is related to the safety, economy, stability, and reliability of the operations of various industries. The limitations of conditions such as the investment economic indicators for its selection, the economic benefits of maintenance and operation, and the adaptability in the new environment (access of distributed power sources, configuration of energy storage, etc.) make it impossible to include comprehensive factors in other aspects.The cap

1 IntroductionLow - voltage current transformers for metering, with a through - core type epoxy resin structure, are widely used in distribution transformer areas and for small - to - medium - sized industrial and commercial electricity consumption. As a range expander for electric energy metering, their performance directly relates to electricity consumption safety and the accuracy of users' trade calculations. Studying long - term immersion's impact on these transformers is practically signifi

The power which exists in the circuit when the voltage and current are out of phase to each other, such type of power is known as the reactive power. The formula measures the reactive power in the circuitReactive Power Measurement & VarmetersReactive power measurement is critical as it indicates circuit power loss: low reactive power worsens load power factor, increasing system losses. Varmeters (volt-ampere reactive meters) measure reactive power and are categorized by circuit phases:Single

Design and Installation of Solar PV SystemsModern society relies on energy for daily needs like industry, heating, transport, and agriculture, mostly met by non-renewable sources (coal, oil, gas). However, these cause environmental harm, are unevenly distributed, and face price volatility due to limited reserves—driving demand for renewable energy.Solar energy, abundant and capable of meeting global needs, stands out. Standalone PV systems (Fig 1) offer energy independence from utilities.

Low-voltage current transformers, as indispensable measurement and protection devices in power systems, often encounter various faults when used in combination with other power equipment due to environmental factors, equipment linkage issues, and improper installation and maintenance. These faults not only affect the normal operation of power equipment but may also endanger personal safety. Therefore, it is necessary to gain an in-depth understanding of fault types, judgment methods, and prevent

With the continuous advancement of smart grid technology, intelligent monitoring systems are playing an increasingly important role in preventing and addressing faults in voltage transformers. These modern intelligent monitoring systems can collect key parameters from voltage transformers in real time—such as partial discharge levels, temperature, and oil quality—and use data analysis algorithms to assess the health status of the equipment, enabling early fault warnings and precise l