Methodi Testandi Interruptores Circuitarum Vacui

Cum vacuum interruptores fabricantur aut in campo utuntur, tria sunt testa ad validandam eorum functionem: 1. Testum Contactus Resistance; 2. Testum Altae Potentialis Sustinendi; 3. Testum Tauxi Defluxus.

Testum Contactus Resistance

• In testo contactus resistance, micro-ohmmeter applicatur ad contactus clausos vacuum interruptoris (VI), et resistencia metitur et registratur. Deinde resultatum comparatur cum specificis designatis et/vel valentibus mediis aliorum vacuum interruptorum ex eadem productione.

• Hic methodus testandi certificat ut resistencia contactus cuiusque vacuum interruptoris conueniat expectationibus technicis, sic perficientiam et fiduciam eius garantens. Comparando resultata cum mediis valentibus eiusdem batch, potestates anomalae identificari possunt, permittentes emendationes temporales fieri.

Testum Altae Potentialis Sustinendi

In testo altae potentialis sustinendi, alta tensio applicatur trans contactus apertos vacuum interruptoris (VI). Tensio gradatim crescit ad valorem testi, et omnis defluxus effugit mensuratur. Testa factory possumus fieri utendo vel AC vel DC altae potentialis testis set. Fabricantes offert varias portatiles testis set ad faciendum altae potentialis testa in vacuum interruptoribus apertis. Plurima horum testis set sunt DC testis set quia multo compactiora et itaque portabiliora quam AC altae potentialis testis set.

Utendo DC testo tensio, altus emissio campi currentis ab puncto microscopic acuto in uno contactu potest malinterpretabiliter accipi ut indicium quod vacuum interruptor impletur aer. Ut talis malinterpretatio vitetur, vacuum interruptor semper debet testari sub ambabus positivis et negativis DC tensio polaritatibus. Hoc significat testum debet fieri inversando polaritates. Interruptor defectivus impletus aere exhibebit similiter altos defluxus effugit in ambabus polaritatibus.

Interruptor bonus cum proprio gradu vacui fortasse adhuc monstrabit altum defluxum effugit, sed hoc generaliter tantum in una polaritate. Interruptor cum parvo puncto acuto in contactu producit altum emissio campi currentis solum quando agit ut cathode, non anode. Itaque, repetendo testum inversando polaritates praeventabitur omnis malinterpretatio resultatorum. Tensio testi ad testandum vacuum interruptor debet sequi recommendationes fabricantium vacuum interruptorum.

Subter est exemplum altae tensio vacuum interruptor tester, varians ab 10 ad 60 kV DC, propositum per Megger company:

Testum Tauxi Defluxus (MAC Test)

Testum tauxi defluxus fundatur super Penning Discharge Principle, nominatum post Frans Michael Penning (1894-1953). Penning demonstravit quod cum alta tensio applicatur ad contactus apertos in gas et structura contactus circumdatur a magno campo, quantitas currentis fluens inter platas est functio pressionis gasei, applicatae tensionis, et fortitudinis magni campi.

Basic Test Setup

Figura subter illustrat basic setup pro vacuum interruptor (VI) leak rate test. Pro field testing, VI collocatur intra portabile fixum magnetic coil, vel flexibilis cable involvitur circa specimen testi numerum specie temporum. Cum testum incipit, alta tensio DC applicatur ad VI, et baseline leakage current mensuratur. Deinde, durante secunda applicatione altae tensio DC, DC voltage pulse applicatur ad magnetic field coil, et totalis currentis mensuratur durante hunc pulsus. Ion current calculatur ut totalis current minus leakage current. Cum et fortitudo magni campi et applicata tensio cognita, sola variabilis remanens est pressio gasei. Si relatio inter pressionem gasei et fluxum currentis cognita, interna pressio potest calculari ex mensura currentis.

Hic methodus testandi permittit accuratam aestimationem gradus vacui intra vacuum interruptor, perficientiam et fiduciam eius assecurans. Comparando mutationes currentis sub diversis conditionibus, potestales defluxus efficaciter detegi, secura operationem aequipmenti assecurans.

Etiam optimi vacuum interruptores (VIs) habebunt aliquem gradum defluxus, et hic defluxus potest esse tam lente ut VI conueniat vel etiam excedat praedictam aetatem serviti fabricantis. Tamen, incrementa inopinata in tauxi defluxus possunt significanter breviare aetatem VIs. Quando VIs intra circuit breakers testantur in maintenance routine utendo traditionalibus methodis, revertuntur ad servitium cum solis assuratione quod functionabunt in illo momento, nihil praedicent de futura perficientia.

Advantages of Leak Rate Testing

Setting up and performing the leak rate test is no more difficult than many of the field tests that maintenance personnel are already familiar with, and the results are extremely accurate in determining the internal pressure of the VI. With the continued adoption of leak rate testing, the electrical industry can expect to see a marked improvement in maintenance efficiency and a reduction in the number of unexpected failures of VIs.

By adopting leak rate testing, not only can the current functionality of the equipment be ensured, but it also provides crucial predictive data about future performance. This approach not only helps extend the lifespan of the equipment but also aids in developing more effective preventive maintenance plans, thereby enhancing the overall reliability and safety of the system.

The above description has been refined to clearly and accurately convey the information while enhancing readability. It highlights the importance of leak rate testing and its advantages over traditional testing methods, pointing out the potential positive impacts on the electrical industry.

Using the Rigid Magnetic Coil in MAC Test on the Entire Pole

The figure above shows how the rigid magnetic coil used in the MAC test can be applied to the entire pole when the vacuum interrupter (VI) is not readily accessible. While many of the medium-voltage vacuum circuit breakers in the field allow for the application of the coil to either individual VIs or individual poles, some do not have sufficient space or configuration to accommodate this.