Mga Pangunahing Prosidyur sa Pagganap ng Pagbubukas at Pagsasara ng Switches ng Isolasyon ug Pagproseso sa Mga Pagkakamali sa Interlock

Pasabot sa pagpahimutang, ang mga operator mahimong magbutang og dili pa makat-on nga ang circuit breaker naka-ubo. Para sa three-pole interlocked isolating switch, ang tanang tatlo ka fasa kinahanglan mobiya sama-sama, ngan ang pinakataas nga mokabilin nga vertical discrepancy wala mas sayo sa 3 mm, bago makapagpadayon sa pagbukas o pag-sara sa isolating switch.

1. Key Points para sa Pag-sara sa Isolating Switch

Para sa manual nga operasyon, ang mga operator mahimong magwagtik sa interlock pin bago magpadayon sa pag-sara. Ang unang pag-biya kinahanglan molabo; kon ang movable contact mapusil sa stationary contact, ang operasyon kinahanglan matapos ra sa dili pa maabot ang arc formation. Kon adunay arc naagi sa simula sa pag-sara, ang isolating switch kinahanglan agad ug butang sa tibuok—wala bisan unsa ang operator mag-attempt sa pagbalik niini, tungod kay kini mahimong madako ang arc ug makapugos sa daghan pa nga damage sa equipment. Sa katapusan sa pag-sara, kinahanglan iwasan ang sobrang pwersa aron wala masira ang support porcelain insulator. Pasabot sa pag-sara, ang mga operator mahimong magbutang og dili pa makat-on nga ang contacts maayo nga gibutang—siguradohon nga ang movable contact fully entered the stationary contact—arong wala mag-overheating tungod sa dili maayo nga contact.

(1) Para sa rotary-type isolating switches (e.g., ang mga nag-rotate sa shaft), pasabot sa pag-sara, ang blade kinahanglan vertically lain sa plane sa fixed contact aron siguradohon ang adequate contact pressure ug proper contact resistance.

(2) Para sa horizontally rotating types sama sa GW5 isolating switch, ang blade kinahanglan horizontal position pasabot sa pag-sara, ang arm fully extended. Kon ang movable cap sa stationary contact shift to the right, kini nagpakita nga ang moving arm overshot its correct position.

Sa winter outdoor operations, ang ice o frost sa contacts mahimo molihok pinaagi sa pagperform sa several rapid open-close cycles aron mogenerate friction, ensuring good contact pasabot sa pag-sara. Reliable operation sa isolating switch depende sa proper adjustment sa iyang transmission mechanism—if equipped—or sa correct use sa insulated operating rod if manually operated.

Tanang isolating switches, bisan asa ang rating, wala automatic disengage under short-circuit conditions. Tungod niini, pasabot sa pag-sara, sila kinahanglan secured by a "Five-Prevention" interlock device. Operators kinahanglan check this device pasabot sa pag-sara, insert the locking pin, ug engage the interlock aron wala accidental opening ug potential accidents.

In summary: Sa manual closing sa isolating switch, act swiftly and decisively—but avoid excessive force near the end of travel aron wala masira ang support insulators. Kon adunay arc appears or if the switch was mistakenly closed, do not reopen it, as this could result in load-breaking—a serious misoperation that may escalate the incident.

2. Key Points para sa Pagbukas sa Isolating Switch

Sa pagbukas, pagsugyot lang ug cautions. Kon adunay arc occurs as the moving contact separates from the stationary contact, immediately reclose the switch ug halt the operation. Nganha, when interrupting small load currents or charging currents, arcs expected; in such cases, the switch should be opened rapidly aron ma-extinguish the arc effectively. Near the end of the opening stroke, slow down aron minimize mechanical shock sa support insulator ug operating mechanism.

Finally, verify that the interlock pin properly engaged. Pasabot sa pagbukas, confirm the switch fully open: the air insulation gap must meet specifications, the moving contact must be fully retracted, ug the opening angle must comply with the manufacturer’s requirements. For indoor isolating switches, if the open insulation distance insufficient, an insulating barrier must be inserted; otherwise, flashover ug short-circuit may occur between the energized side ug the grounded de-energized side.

In summary: Sa manual opening sa isolating switch, proceed slowly ug cautiously. Kon adunay arc appears just as contacts separate, immediately reclose ug stop—then investigate whether the arc resulted from a misoperation. Before operating, personnel should assess whether arcing likely. If arcing expected, the operation must be performed quickly ug decisively aron ma-extinguish the arc promptly ug prevent contact damage.

3. Operating Procedure When Electromagnetic Interlock Fails

Strictly follow the official unlocking procedures for anti-misoperation interlock devices. Carefully verify the actual position of the equipment ug obtain explicit authorization from the on-duty dispatcher before disabling the interlock for operation. Most modern substations equip isolating switches with earthing switches for grounding during maintenance of lines, circuit breakers, or isolators. A mechanical interlock installed between the main isolating switch ug its associated earthing switch: when the main switch closed, the earthing switch cannot be closed; conversely, when the earthing switch closed, the main switch cannot be closed. This widely adopted interlock prevents accidental grounding.

4. Procedure When Electric Operation Fails

If the electrically operated isolating switch fails to respond, operating personnel must immediately investigate ug confirm the actual positions of all associated circuit breakers, isolating switches, ug earthing switches that are interlocked with it. Only after verifying that all positions correct ug safe should the operator disconnect the motor power supply ug proceed with manual operation.