Tattalin Turanci da Kwalubuci Masu Yawancin Kula na Solid-Insulated Ring Main Units (RMUs)

Yadda na Yadda a Duniya da Nijeriya

Toshiba Corporation na Japan ta gina alamar epoxy resin mai kyau da kuma tattalin casting a shekarar 1999, sannan ta bayyana 24 kV solid-insulated ring main unit (RMU) a 2002. An yi nasara ga wurin abincin, kuma yanzu an yi tasowa masu inganci a matsayin volts na 72 da 84. Holec, wanda ya faru a Turai da fikirorin gwamnati da ke tsari da yanayin kayayyaki da ba sa lalacewa, ta samu aiki a ranar Eaton.

Holec's solid-insulated RMUs su ne mafi girman da aka bayyana a Najeriya, kuma abubuwan da aka yi a kan jami'an mafi girman suna da muhimmanci daga fikirorin Holec. Idan Najeriya ta faru a wannan sararin da yake, amma yadda ake yi ake zama rarrabe. Misalai masu shugaban cikin abubuwan da aka yi sun hada da Beijing Shuangjie, Shenyang Haocheng, da Beihai Galaxy, wadanda suka yi abincin da suka yi karatu a matsayin, suka yi nasara ga tattalin massu, da kuma suka zama da ziyartar da yawa.

Muhimmanci Na'urar Fanni da Yadda na Yadda

Farkon da yadda na yadda na tekunologiyar solid insulation yana da muhimmanci don nasara ga yadda ake yi bayyana da yadda ake yi amfani da switchgear na solid insulation. Masu kayayyakin da duka a duniya, haka kuɗi Toshiba da Hitachi, suka yi nasara ga mutane, abubuwa, da kuma al'adu a tekunologiyar solid insulation, suka yi nasara ga fanni. Ta hanyar nasarar fanni a duniya, muhimman abubuwan da yawa da yadda na yadda su ne:

• Gina alamar epoxy resin mai kyau. Amfani da alamar epoxy resin mai kyau don kammala vacuum interrupters yana taimakawa waɗannan lokaci da kuma yana taimakawa waɗannan lokaci da kuma yana haifar da buƙatun silicone rubber buffers.

• Fikirori na insulation don tabbatar da yadda ake iya daidaita voltage da partial discharge levels.

• Bincike da tattalin casting na epoxy resin don ƙoƙarin bayyana masu ilimi da cracks a componenten solid insulation.

• Bincike da tattalin shielding layers na surface don componenten solid insulation.

• Tattalin stability analysis na epoxy resins. Amfani da tests na accelerated aging don bincike da yadda ake yi al'adu a matsayin service life na epoxy resins da kuma bincike da trends da rates na changes a performance, haka kuɗi partial discharge, a lokacin da yake.

• Fikirori na intelligent design. Amfani da fanni mai tsari da kuma tattalin measurement don samun monitoring online na characteristic parameters, haka kuɗi partial discharge levels, a cikin qualitative da quantitative.

Abubuwan da Su Zama da Iya da Muhimmanci

Solid-insulated RMUs suna da muhimmanci da take da SF₆ gas-insulated RMUs. Idan fanni ba yana da nasara ko tattalin ba, ana iya ƙare da risks na insulation failures, operational faults, da kuma potential hazards mafi yawan da SF₆ gas-insulated units. Saboda haka, solid-insulated RMUs suna da muhimmanci masu standards masu fanni, tattalin manufacturing, da kuma quality na raw materials. Idan akwai nasara ta kasancewa a tashar users a shekarun da yake, amma akwai abubuwan da su zama da iya da muhimmanci daga tushen tattalin industrial da kuma equipment reliability:

(1) Abubuwan da suka zama da Partial Discharge Issues

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(2) Abubuwan da suka zama da Insulation Component Cracking

Solid-insulated RMUs na farko, a Najeriya da a duniya, suna ƙare da cracking a componenten insulation saboda power frequency vibration, operational vibration, mechanical impacts, thermal cycling, da kuma environmental temperature fluctuations, wadanda suka ƙare da yadda ake iya da accidents.

(3) Safety and Reliability of Isolation Function

Safety and reliability of isolation function in solid-insulated RMUs su ne muhimmanci. Yanzu, ana amfani da traditional three-position disconnect switches, fully encapsulated within the solid insulation. Insulation performance of the isolation break depends on both the air gap between moving and stationary contacts and the surface creepage distance of the insulating component. Surface flashover along the insulating component increases the risk of break failure and potential personnel hazards. Additionally, environmental factors and material aging can increase surface leakage currents, significantly reducing insulation performance and threatening safe and reliable operation.

(4) Insulation Material Selection and Development

The quality and performance of the primary insulation materials directly affect the reliability and stability of the entire unit. Given the extensive use of insulation materials, considerations for recycling, separating, treating, and reusing scrap materials and components are essential to minimize resource waste.

(5) Encapsulation Process Issues

Product design should facilitate ease of manufacturing and assembly, while the manufacturing and assembly processes should aim for minimal or no environmental pollution and optimal use of energy and resources. For encapsulated products, the formulation of the encapsulation process and selection of encapsulation equipment are particularly critical.

Key Technology Analysis

(1) High-Quality, High-Efficiency Encapsulation Technology

Based on the mechanism of partial discharge, internal discharges in solid insulation components are primarily caused by voids (bubbles) within the material. Conventional encapsulation involves placing preheated components into a preheated metal mold, evacuating the mold cavity, slowly injecting heated, curable epoxy resin, and curing. This method is inefficient, costly, and often fails to completely eliminate bubbles, leading to numerous voids. These voids can cause partial discharge after commissioning, eventually resulting in insulation breakdown and compromising safe and reliable operation. Therefore, adopting advanced, high-quality, and efficient epoxy resin encapsulation technology is essential.

(2) Optimization of Insulation Module Structure Design

Insulation module design must meet functional, inspection, and installation requirements while also ensuring aesthetic appeal, reduced material consumption, and avoidance of residual stress. Residual stress can cause internal and external cracks in insulation components, which may lead to partial discharge and eventual insulation breakdown during operation. Thus, in-depth research on the overall layout, thickness, and transitions of insulation modules is necessary, along with consideration of heat dissipation design.

(3) Optimization of Electric Field Design

Corona discharge occurs when the electric field strength near a conductor's surface reaches the breakdown strength of the surrounding gas, typically in highly non-uniform fields. Sharp edges or points on high-voltage electrodes may concentrate the electric field, causing corona discharge. As a form of partial discharge, corona can progress to insulation breakdown over time, affecting safe and reliable operation. Therefore, designing conductive components to ensure a sufficiently weak and uniform electric field is a key technology. Effective methods include using simulation software for electric field calculations, optimizing the distribution of electric fields, and refining insulation and electrode shapes. Shielding rings or similar measures to reduce electric field strength may also be necessary.

(4) Research and Design of Shielding Layers

The primary purposes of applying a grounded metal shielding layer on the outer surface of insulation modules are: first, to confine short-circuit faults to phase-to-ground only in the event of insulation failure, reducing internal arcing energy and fault risk; second, to maintain insulation performance in any environment without requiring surface cleaning, achieving maintenance-free operation, and ensuring unchanged electric field distribution even if metallic foreign objects enter the enclosure.

(5) Research and Analysis of Epoxy Resin Stability

As a polymer material, epoxy resin can degrade (age) during processing, application, and storage, affecting its performance and service life. The most common aging factors are heat and ultraviolet radiation. In switchgear, continuous heat generation during operation inevitably accelerates the aging of epoxy resin. Therefore, using simulated aging tests to statistically analyze the performance of solid insulation components made from different materials and at various aging stages is essential to establish critical relationships.

Conclusion

Solid insulation technology has gained recognition from users and the market and is being increasingly promoted and deployed. This requires equipment manufacturers to produce products that meet the demands of power supply reliability and stability. Significant research has been conducted on encapsulation processes and surface shielding layer design for solid-insulated RMUs, yielding tangible results. However, these efforts are still insufficient. Greater emphasis must be placed on research into new encapsulation materials, prevention of insulation component cracking, and innovative component structural designs. In summary, further technical research, accumulation, and breakthroughs are needed for solid-insulated RMUs.