Global nga Pagpapaunlad ug mga Key Technologies sa Solid-Insulated Ring Main Units (RMUs)

Status sa Pag-develop sa Tibuok Mundo

Ang Toshiba Corporation sa Japan miangkon ug high-performance na epoxy resin materials ug casting technology niadtong 1999, ug sa sunod nga tuig 2002 nailabas nila ang 24 kV solid-insulated ring main unit (RMU). Ang product line nahimong mas daghan, ug karon ang kompanya nagpadayon sa pag-advance tungod sa mas taas nga voltage levels sama sa 72 kV ug 84 kV. Ang Holec, usa ka original nga European pioneer uban sa advanced design concepts ug environmentally friendly manufacturing processes nga walay polusyon, gibili ni Eaton.

Ang solid-insulated RMUs sa Holec adunay dako nga impluwensya sa China, ug daghan sa mga lokal nga manufacturers nga miangkon og self-developed solid-insulated RMUs nga gikan sa Holec. Bagama't ang China nag-start later sa kahimtang, ang development mahimong rapid. Ang mga representative companies sama sa Beijing Shuangjie, Shenyang Haocheng, ug Beihai Galaxy miangkon og products nga nailauman sa type tests, nakuha ang mass production capabilities, ug kasagaran gi-promote ug deployed.

Key Technologies ug Development Trends

Ang breakthrough ug advancement sa solid insulation technology kay fundamental sa successful promotion ug application sa solid-insulated switchgear. Daghang manufacturers sa tibuok mundo, sama sa Toshiba ug Hitachi, miangkon og significant human, material, ug financial resources sa solid insulation technology, nakuha ang notable technical progress. Batasan sa integration sa global research outcomes, ang key technical challenges ug development trends mao kini:

• Development sa bag-ong high-performance epoxy resins. Gamiton ang high-performance epoxy resins aron direktang encapsulate ang vacuum interrupters para makatubag sa heat conduction ug i-eliminate ang need sa silicone rubber buffers.

• Insulation design aron matubag ang required withstand voltage ug partial discharge levels.

• Research ug development sa epoxy resin casting processes aron matubag ang issues sama sa partial discharge ug cracking sa solid insulation components.

• Research ug development sa surface shielding layers alang sa solid insulation components.

• Stability analysis sa epoxy resins. Gamiton ang accelerated aging tests aron mapag-istoryahan ang normal service life sa epoxy resins ug analyze ang trends ug rates sa performance changes sama sa partial discharge sa panahon sa service life.

• Intelligent design. Gamiton ang advanced sensing ug measurement technologies aron ma-achieve ang qualitative ug quantitative online monitoring sa characteristic parameters sama sa partial discharge levels.

Existing Problems ug Limitations

Ang solid-insulated RMUs adunay mas taas nga technical ug process requirements konpared sa SF₆ gas-insulated RMUs. Kon ang teknolohiya wala pa mature o ang proseso wala pa sufficient, ang risks sa insulation failures, operational faults, ug potential hazards mas taas kaysa sa SF₆ gas-insulated units. Busa, ang solid-insulated RMUs giginahana og mas taas nga standards sa teknolohiya, manufacturing processes, ug raw material quality. Bisag ingani nakapasar tanang user acceptance sa katilusan, adunay daghan pang issues gikan sa perspective sa long-term industrial development ug equipment reliability:

(1) Partial Discharge Issues

Dili sama sa gas insulation diin ang gas leakage mahimo mog-monitor ug ang discharges mahimo mog-self-recover, ang solid insulation kon damaged sa discharge, wala na siya mog-recover. Ang discharges mahimong mag-grow sa panahon sa lifetime sa product, posible maka-lead sa insulation breakdown ug phase-to-phase short circuits.

(2) Insulation Component Cracking

Ang early solid-insulated RMUs, both domestically ug internationally, nagsugyot na og cracking sa insulation components tungod sa long-term power frequency vibration, operational vibration, mechanical impacts, thermal cycling, ug environmental temperature fluctuations, naka-lead sa increased accident rates.

(3) Safety ug Reliability sa Isolation Function

Ang safety ug reliability sa isolation function sa solid-insulated RMUs kay critical. Karon, ang traditional three-position disconnect switches ang primary ginagamit, fully encapsulated within the solid insulation. Ang insulation performance sa isolation break depende sa air gap sa pagitan sa moving ug stationary contacts ug sa surface creepage distance sa insulating component. Ang surface flashover sa insulating component mahimong mag-increase sa risk sa break failure ug potential personnel hazards. Kasagaran, ang environmental factors ug material aging mahimong mag-increase sa surface leakage currents, significantly reducing insulation performance ug threatening safe ug reliable operation.

(4) Insulation Material Selection ug Development

Ang quality ug performance sa primary insulation materials directly affect ang reliability ug stability sa entire unit. Given ang extensive use sa insulation materials, ang considerations sa recycling, separating, treating, ug reusing scrap materials ug components essential aron minimize resource waste.

(5) Encapsulation Process Issues

Ang product design dapat facilitate ease of manufacturing ug assembly, while ang manufacturing ug assembly processes dapat aim for minimal o no environmental pollution ug optimal use sa energy ug resources. Para sa encapsulated products, ang formulation sa encapsulation process ug selection sa encapsulation equipment particularly critical.

Key Technology Analysis

(1) High-Quality, High-Efficiency Encapsulation Technology

Batasan sa mechanism sa partial discharge, ang internal discharges sa solid insulation components primarily caused sa voids (bubbles) sa loob sa material. Ang conventional encapsulation involve sa pag-place sa preheated components sa preheated metal mold, evacuating sa mold cavity, slowly injecting heated, curable epoxy resin, ug curing. Kini nga method inefficient, costly, ug often fail to completely eliminate bubbles, leading to numerous voids. Kini nga voids mahimo mog-cause sa partial discharge after commissioning, eventually resulting sa insulation breakdown ug compromising safe ug reliable operation. Busa, adopting advanced, high-quality, ug efficient epoxy resin encapsulation technology essential.

(2) Optimization sa Insulation Module Structure Design

Ang insulation module design dapat meet functional, inspection, ug installation requirements while ensuring aesthetic appeal, reduced material consumption, ug avoidance sa residual stress. Ang residual stress mahimo mog-cause sa internal ug external cracks sa insulation components, which may lead sa partial discharge ug eventual insulation breakdown during operation. Thus, in-depth research sa overall layout, thickness, ug transitions sa insulation modules necessary, along with consideration sa heat dissipation design.

(3) Optimization sa Electric Field Design

Ang corona discharge occur kon ang electric field strength near a conductor's surface reach ang breakdown strength sa surrounding gas, typically sa highly non-uniform fields. Ang sharp edges o points sa high-voltage electrodes mahimo mog-concentrate sa electric field, causing corona discharge. As a form sa partial discharge, ang corona mahimo mog-progress sa insulation breakdown over time, affecting safe ug reliable operation. Busa, designing conductive components aron ensure a sufficiently weak ug uniform electric field kay key technology. Effective methods include using simulation software sa electric field calculations, optimizing sa distribution sa electric fields, ug refining sa insulation ug electrode shapes. Shielding rings o similar measures aron reduce electric field strength possible necessary.

(4) Research ug Design sa Shielding Layers

Ang primary purposes sa pag-apply sa grounded metal shielding layer sa outer surface sa insulation modules mao: first, confine short-circuit faults sa phase-to-ground only kon may insulation failure, reducing internal arcing energy ug fault risk; second, maintain insulation performance sa any environment without requiring surface cleaning, achieving maintenance-free operation, ug ensuring unchanged electric field distribution even kon metallic foreign objects enter sa enclosure.

(5) Research ug Analysis sa Epoxy Resin Stability

As a polymer material, ang epoxy resin mahimo mog-degrade (age) sa processing, application, ug storage, affecting its performance ug service life. Ang most common aging factors mao ang heat ug ultraviolet radiation. Sa switchgear, ang continuous heat generation sa operation inevitably accelerate ang aging sa epoxy resin. Busa, using simulated aging tests aron statistically analyze ang performance sa solid insulation components gikan sa different materials ug at various aging stages essential aron establish critical relationships.

Conclusion

Ang solid insulation technology nakapasar sa recognition sa users ug market ug kasagaran gi-promote ug deployed. Kini giginahana og equipment manufacturers sa pag-produce sa products nga meet ang demands sa power supply reliability ug stability. Significant research conducted sa encapsulation processes ug surface shielding layer design sa solid-insulated RMUs, nakuha tangible results. But, these efforts still insufficient. Greater emphasis must place sa research sa new encapsulation materials, prevention sa insulation component cracking, ug innovative component structural designs. In summary, further technical research, accumulation, ug breakthroughs needed sa solid-insulated RMUs.