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mata kasa a gaba da Power Factor Correction

Mi ne Mata Kasa a Gaba Da Power Factor Correction?

Mata kasa a gaba da power factor (ko kuma PFC ko Power Factor Improvement) yana nufin hikima da ake amfani da shi don zama mata kasa a gaba da AC circuits tare da cire reactive power wanda yake cikin circuit. Hikimomi na mata kasa a gaba da power factor suna neman karfin jirgin circuit da kuma cire current da load ke cika.

Yanzu, capacitors da synchronous motors suna amfani a cikin circuits don cire inductive elements (da kuma reactive power). Hikimomi ba su amfani don zama cikakken true power, baki daya don cire apparent power.

A matsayin haka, yana cire phase shift daga voltage da current. Saboda haka, yana bukatar mata kasa a gaba da unity. Yadda ake fi sani da ita, babu mai karfi da take yi a kan 0.9 zuwa 0.95.

Na bi, yadda ake bukatar mata kasa a gaba da 0.95 ba ma unity power factor? Ba a bayar da fadada wata unity power factor?

A'AA. Ba a bayar da fadada wata unity power factor. Amma yana da lafiya da abincin ya kai don install unity PFC equipment.

Saboda haka, utility da power supply companies suna bukatar mata kasa a gaba da 0.9 zuwa 0.95 don zama economic system. A matsayin haka, wannan range yana da kyau wa power system.

Idan AC circuit tana da high inductive load, power factor zai iya zaune ta 0.8. Kuma zai cika da current da ke ciki da source.

Equipment na mata kasa a gaba da power factor yana cire inductive elements da kuma current da ke cika da source. Wannan yana resulta da system da yake da karfi da kuma cire loss of electrical energy.

Daga Baka Mata Kasa a Gaba Da Power Factor Correction Tana Buƙata?

A cikin kabilu DC, zan iya kula da karamin kashi da gida daga fadada tsokoli da kashi. Kuma kashi na iya duba da fadada tsokoli. Saboda haka, karamin kashi da gida ta ci gaban shi ne.

A cikin kabilu AC, fadada tsokoli da kashi suna da yawa mai karfi. Saboda haka, yadda da kyau da kalmomin haɗu suka yi suna canzawa. A wani lokacin da yake, karamin kashi da gida shine kula da fadada tsokoli da kashi a wannan lokaci.

Idan kabilu AC tana da gaban da sauransu kamar; wata, chowk coils, solenoid, transformer; kashi ya fi tsayi da fadada tsokoli. A wannan halin, karamin kashi da gida na iya zama da ƙarin da kula da fadada tsokoli da kashi.

Saboda abubuwa masu ƙarfi a cikin kabilu AC, tana da waɗanda suke da resistance da reactance. Saboda haka, a wannan halin, farkon lokacin da kashi da fadada tsokoli ke faruwa yana da muhimmanci a lokacin da ake kula da karamin kashi da gida.

Idan gaban da sauransu ne mai tsayi, fadada tsokoli da kashi suna daidai. Amma idan gaban da sauransu ne mai karfi, kashi ya fi tsayi da fadada tsokoli. Kuma tana da inductive reactance.

A wannan halin, correction of power factor ita ce mafi kyau don koyar da tasiri da inductive element ta bayyana da amfani da power factor don haɗa tsayawa ta system.

Correction of Power Factor Formula

Sannan idan gaban da sauransu ne mai karfi tana da shiga da system da ya yi a power factor cosф1. Don inganta power factor, muna buƙatar da shiga da equipment da za su inganta power factor a cikin gaban da sauransu.

Diagram na cikin wannan arrangement yana nuna a cikin figure na haka.

power factor correction example

An kondansar ya bayar muhimmanci na yankin da ke tafiya da kuma ya kammala matsalolin da ke tafiya. Idan ba ta yi laccin kondansar, zai iya da amfani da IL.

Kondansar ya amfani da IC amfani da take da damar tsawon 90˚. Da kuma amfani na gurbin da take da ita ce Ir. Zamiyar da damar V da IR ya kammala cewa idan kana duba damar V da IL. Saboda haka, tsari na faktoringa cosф2 ya kammala.

power factor correction phasor diagram

Diagram na Faktoringa Amfani da Phasor

Daga diagram na phasor, muhimmancin da ke tafiya na gurbin ya kammala. Saboda haka, don canza tsarin faktoringa daga ф1 zuwa ф2, amfani na gurbin ya kammala da IRsinф2.

$I_R sin \phi_2 = I_L sin \phi_1 - I_C$

$I_C = I_L sin \phi_1 - I_R sin \phi_2$

Kapasitas kondensor na iya zama da shi a hanyar zama da ma'ana ta fadada takara shine;

$C = \frac{I_C}{\omega V}$

Tsarin Zama da Ma'ana ta Fadada Takara

Abubuwa da ake amfani da su wajen zama da ma'ana ta fadada takara sun hada da kandaka ko bankin kandaka da synchronous condenser. Idan an yi nasarar tsari na zama da ma'ana ta fadada takara, akwai hirhi uku;

Bankin Kandaka
Synchronous Condenser
Phase Advancer

Zama da Ma'ana ta Fadada Takara Ta Hanyar Bankin Kandaka

Kandaka ko bankin kandaka zai iya a kunna da kapasitas mai kyau ko mai yawa. Yana kunni a motori na induksi, panel na kungiyoyi, ko main supply.

An karkashin kofin daɗi ya fi shiga da aikin hukuma. An karkashin kofin da yawa yana ƙarin kadan KVAR daga abubuwan da aikin hukuma ta yi.

Don in gina kashi da tsari, an amfani da karkashin kofin daɗi don shiga da tushen mutum. Idan tushen mutum ce mai uku, zan iya shiga karkashin kofin daɗi a cikin hanyar star da delta.

Karkashin Kofin Daɗi na Delta

Takarda da na ake bayyana a nan yana nuna karkashin kofin daɗi na delta da tushen mutum uku.

karkashin kofin daɗi na delta

Karkashin Kofin Daɗi na Delta

Babu za a bincika ita ce karkashin kofin daɗi na phase a lokacin da ake shiga a hanyar delta. A hanyar delta, tsari na phase (VP) da tsari na line (VL) suna da muhimmanci.

$V_P = V_L$

Karkashin kofin daɗi na phase (C∆) yana cewa;

$C_\Delta = \frac{Q_C}{\omega V_P^2} = \frac{Q_C}{\omega V_L^2}$

Bankin Kondansara na Tauri na Star

Tartarun jirgin kula na takaice ya bayyana bankin kondansara na tauri na star da zafi mai sauransu uku.

Bankin Kondansara na Tauri na Star

A cikin tauri na star, alaka daga tasiri masu shi (VP) zuwa tasiri masu hanyar kasa (VL) shine;

$V_P = \frac{1}{\sqrt{3}} V_L$

Kapasitansi na baki daya (CY) ya ba da ita cewa;

$C_Y = \frac{Q_C}{\omega V_P^2} = \frac{Q_C}{\omega (\frac{V_L}{\sqrt{3}})^2} = \frac{3Q_C}{\omega V_L^2}$

Daga tushen da aka bayar a fadada;

$C_Y = 3 C_\Delta$

Yana nufin cewa kapasitansi da zai bukata a kofin kasa yana fiye da ukuwa masu kapasitansi da zai bukata a kofin delta. Kuma, tsari na phase na gudanar da shi shine 1/√3 daga tsari na line.

Saboda haka, bankin kapasitori na kofin delta yana da kayan aiki, kuma wanda shi ne babban sababi da bankin kapasitori na kofin delta yake amfani da shi mafi yawa a tashar three-phase.

Koreksiya na Power Factor ta hanyar Synchronous Condenser

Idan motori na synchroni yana ci gaba, yana ci gaba da current na leading kuma yana yi aiki a matsayin kapasitori. Motori na synchroni da ya ci gaba da ya ci gaba a matsayin no-load ana kiranta a matsayin synchronous condenser.

Idan wannan abu mai wani nau'i na aiki yana kula da tushen bayanai, yana gane kyauwa bayanai. Kuma yana zama masu inganci ga tushen bayanai. Shaida cikin abu mai wani nau'i na aiki ya shafi ne a cikin harsuna da aka bayyana a nan.

power factor correction using synchronous condenser

Tushen Bayanai da Synchronous Condenser

Idan takalmi yana da muhimmanci, yana kula da tushen bayanai daga tushen. Don in juye tushen bayanai, wannan abu yana amfani a kan gane kyauwa bayanai.

synchronous condenser phasor diagram

Synchronous Condenser Phasor Diagram

A gaba da sabon abu yana kula, tushen bayanai da takalmi yana kula shi shine IL kuma tushen bayanai shine фL.

A lokacin da abun yana kula, yana gane tushen bayanai Im. A cikin hakan, tushen bayanai na biyu shine I kuma tushen bayanai shine фm.

Daga phasor diagram, za a iya kawo karfin tushen bayanai (фL da фm). Kuma фm yana da kadan da фL. Saboda haka, cosфm yana da kadan da cosфL.

Wannan nau'in tushen bayanai na amfani a cikin bulk supply stations saboda dalilai da ke fuskantar.

Yawan karamin kashi da ya kula shi a cikin motor yana canzawa da gaba-gaban harkokin field excitation.
Yana da kyau a bincike abubuwa da suka faru a cikin system.
Thermal stability ta winding na motor yana da yawa. Saboda haka, ita ce system mai amanawa don current na short circuit.

Phase Advancer

Motor induction tana kula reactive current saboda excitation current. Idan ana amfani da sashen mafi inganci don bayarwa excitation current, stator winding zai zama free daga excitation current. Da kuma power factor ta motor zai iya zama mai kyau.

Ana iya yi arrangement wannan ta hanyar phase advancer. Phase advancer shine AC exciter mai tsawo wanda ake fitowa a kungiyar shaft na motor da kuma ake fadada rotor circuit na motor.

Yana bayarwa excitation current zuwa rotor circuit a slip frequency. Idan kake bayarwa exciter current mafi yawan da ke bukata, za a iya yi operation induction motor a leading power factor.

Na biyan kuɗi na phase advancer shine ba ta fi shirin mutum domin motors na ƙarin, musamman da ƙarin da 200 HP.

Active Power Factor Correction

Active power factor correction tana ba shi control mai kyau. Gaskiya, ana amfani da shi a cikin design na power supply masu yawan da 100W.

Wannan type na power factor correction circuit tana da high-frequency switching elements kamar diode, SCR (power electronics switches). Wadannan elements suna active elements. Saboda haka, wannan method an san Active power factor correction method.

A passive power factor correction, reactive elements kamar capacitor da inductor wadanda ake amfani da su a cikin circuit suna uncontrolled. Saboda passive power factor correction circuit bai amfani da control unit ko switching elements ba.

Saboda high switching elements da control unit wadanda ake amfani da su a cikin circuit, cost da complexity na circuit zai zama mafi yawa tun daga passive power factor correction circuit.

Diagram na circuit tana nuna basic elements na active power factor correction circuit.

active power factor correction

Koreksi Faktor Daya Aktif

Untuk mengontrol parameter sirkuit, unit kontrol digunakan dalam sirkuit. Ia mengukur tegangan dan arus input. Dan ia menyesuaikan waktu penggantian dan siklus tugas pada tegangan fase dan arus.

Induktor L dikendalikan oleh sakelar padat Q. Unit kontrol digunakan untuk mengontrol (ON dan OFF) sakelar padat Q.

Saat sakelar ON, arus induktor meningkat sebesar ∆I+. Tegangan di seberang induktor berubah polaritas dan melepaskan energi melalui dioda D1 ke beban.

Saat sakelar OFF, arus induktor berkurang sebesar ∆I–. Perubahan total selama satu siklus adalah ∆I = ∆I+ – ∆I–. Waktu ON dan OFF sakelar dikendalikan oleh unit kontrol dengan mengubah siklus tugas.

Dengan pemilihan yang tepat dari siklus tugas, kita dapat mendapatkan bentuk arus yang diinginkan ke beban.

Bagaimana Menentukan Ukuran Koreksi Faktor Daya?

Untuk menentukan ukuran koreksi faktor daya, kita perlu menghitung kebutuhan daya reaktif (KVAR). Dan kita menghubungkan kapasitansi sebesar itu dengan sistem untuk memenuhi kebutuhan daya reaktif.

Ada dua cara untuk mengetahui kebutuhan KVAR.

Metode Multiplier Tabel
Metode Perhitungan

Seperti namanya, dalam metode multiplier tabel, kita dapat langsung menemukan konstanta multiplier dari tabel. Kita dapat langsung menemukan KVAR yang diperlukan dengan mengalikan konstanta tersebut dengan daya input.

table multiplier method

Haddadi na Multiplier

A cikakken haddadin, muna iya hadda shi da yake mulktar da aka bayyana a tushen misali.

Misali:

Mataimakin induction da 10-kW yana da zabe ta 0.71 lagging. Idan muna bukatar in a yi waɗannan mataimaki a zabe ta 0.92, yadda za a kasance sautin capacitor?

Ingantaccen Nafin = 10kW
Zabe Mai Tsawo (cos фA) = 0.71
Zabe Da Yake Buƙata (cos фR) = 0.92

$\cos \phi_1 = 0.71 \Rightarrow \phi_1 = \cos^{-1} 0.71$

$\phi_1 = 44.765^\circ$

$\cos \phi_2 = 0.92 \Rightarrow \phi_1 = \cos^{-1} 0.9$

$\phi_2 = 23.073^\circ$

$\tan \phi_1 = \tan (44.765^\circ) = 0.9918$

$\tan \phi_2 = \tan (23.073^\circ) = 0.4259$

$Multiplier \, Constant = 0.9918-0.4259 = 0.5658$

KVAR da yiwuwa = Kashi na iya kara x Sabbin da ya faru

$KVAR = 10 \times 0.5658$

$KVAR = 5.658$

Saboda haka, ana bukatar karamin kudaden 5.658 KVAR don samun kwalitiyar kudaden bayanar daga 0.71 zuwa 0.92. Da kuma kudaden kapasita da aka gudanar da ita ce 5.658 KVAR.

Ayyukan Samun Kwalitiyar Bayanar

A cikin jerin kabilanci na bayanar, kwalitiyar bayanar yana taka muhimmanci sosai a cikin kwaliti da manajemen na system. Yana nuna karkashin kabilancin bayanar.

Bila samun kwalitiyar bayanar, mutum yana ci kudaden bayanar mai yawa daga mabiyar. Yana zama da kudaden da kudacewar kabilancin bayanar. Ayyuka samun kwalitiyar bayanar tana iya sama wata bayanar da kudaden bayanar. Wannan zai zama da karkashin system.
A cikin jerin kabilanci, ana bukatar kwalitiyar bayanar mai yawa. Saboda kwalitiyar bayanar mai yawa, kudacen kabilancin bayanar ce ta zama da kwallon samar da kudacen kabilancin bayanar.
Motoci na indakwaci shi ne ayyuka da ake amfani da shi sosai a cikin masana'oyi. Don ba ake juye da kudacen kabilancin bayanar, akwai amfani da kapasita don kawo karfi na motoci.
Ayyuka samun kwalitiyar bayanar tana kawo karfi na kudacen kabilancin bayanar a cikin kabilancin bayanar, switchgear, alternator, transformers, kamar haka.
Saboda karkashin network, ana bukatar da a yi kabilancin bayanar mai yawa. Wannan zai zama da kudacen kabilancin bayanar a cikin atmasferi.
Kudacen kabilancin bayanar yana zama da kwallon samar da kudacen kabilancin bayanar a cikin system da ake amfani da ayyuka samun kwalitiyar bayanar.

Bayanin: Raba al'adun daidai, babban al'adun za'a tabbacin gano, idanni ma na karshen al'adu zaka tabbacin gano.

Ba da kyau kuma kara mai rubutu!

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