Fannin Dukkanin Ingantaccen na Tashar Kammalawa: Manhajoyi, Manyan Ayyuka da Kyakkyawan Yadda a Ke Karkashin Rike

Karkashin Gaskiya na Mafi Inganci

Karkashin gaskiya na mafi inganci na circuit breakers yana aiki a cikin IEC 62271-100, wanda ya tabbatar da 10,000 opereshiyon (M2 class). A lokacin karkashin a makarantar ta kasar wasu, zuma na farko ta shahara ne a 6,527 opereshiyon saboda karkashin spring. Makarantar ya samun wannan karkashin muhimmanci, wanda suka baka shi da sauransu da ke spring. Zuma na biyu an karkashe amma ya shahara ne a 6,000 opereshiyon na biyu saboda karkashin spring. Saboda haka, makarantar ta fitowa bayanin karkashin gaskiya na mafi inganci na 2,000 opereshiyon (M1 class).

Bincike na Yadda Ya Faru: Karkashin ya faru daga abubuwan da ake karkasha a matsayin spring a lokacin karkashin, wanda ya baka shi da ruwa mai zurfi da ya shahara ne a kan ƙungiyoyi. Idan kuma 36 kV circuit breaker ya samu M1-class (2,000 opereshiyon) karkashin gaskiya na mafi inganci, amma karamin kalmomin karkashin da KEMA ta fitowa - wanda ya fi sani da 50/60 Hz da kuma sassan da ba a sani ba - ya taimaka masu sayar da tsari a Latin America, Europe, Southeast Asia, da kuma wasu wurare.

Don earthing switches da kuma withdrawable circuit breakers, farkon karkashin gaskiya na mafi inganci ana nufin a cikin Tabel 1. Duk da haka, masu IEC suna ɗaukta cewa withdrawable circuit breaker trolleys ana iya amfani da su musamman don kula. Saboda haka, za a iya tabbatar da ma'adantattun masu karatu duniya tare da karkashin 25 insertion da withdrawal cycles kamar yadda aka bayyana a cikin IEC 62271-200, clause 6.102.1.

Bayanin Karkashin Tsirriyar Da Kudin

Karkashin tsirriyar da kudin na circuit breakers yana aiki a cikin batuwar da ke daidai ga yadda ake amfani da shi: standalone (unhoused) circuit breakers, withdrawable circuit breakers da ake karkashe a cikin abubuwan da ake karkasha, ko withdrawable circuit breakers da ake karkashe a cikin switchgear. Idan switchgear da circuit breaker an karkashe su da kake, karkashin tsirriyar da kudin zai aiki a cikin switchgear da aka karkasha. Don karkashin standalone type, ya kamata a bayyana kompartimanta mai girma don karkashin.

Karkashin tsirriyar da kudin na IEC na circuit breakers yana nuna batuwar da ke daidai. Masu karatu zai iya zaba batuwar da ke daidai. Misali, Sequence 1 na 274 breaking operations (130 T10, 130 T30, 8 T60, da 6 T100s). Don in taimaka waɗannan karkashin zuwa lokaci da adadin, saboda labbin karkashin suna ɗaukta bayanin lokaci, masu karatu suna iya zaba Sequence 3, wanda ya haɗe 72 operations (3 T10/T30, 60 T60, da 6 T100s). Idan kuma adadin operations ya ƙoma, amma karamin karkashin ya ɗaya. Amma, idan a duba da karkashin 50-break test standard na zamani da ake amfani da shi, karkashin IEC yana da damar daɗi. Tabel 2 na nuna adadin tsirriyar da kudin na IEC 62271-100 don karkashin gaskiya na mafi inganci.

Don circuit breakers da za su iya amfani don 50 Hz da 60 Hz, STL guideline na nuna frekwensiyoyi da za su iya karkashe a cikin Tabel 3 don in tabbatar da yadda ake amfani da shi da kuma in fitowa bayanin karkashin. Don in tabbatar da dual-frequency requirements, za a iya karkashe basic switching tests (E1 class) a 50 Hz da 60 Hz. Karkashin gaskiya na mafi inganci zai iya aiki a 50 Hz ko 60 Hz. Duk da haka, O–0.3 s–CO–15 s–CO sequence test na iya karkashe basic testing. Idan kuma abubuwan da ke daidai na neutral grounding systems, ba zai iya haɓaka karkashin gaskiya na mafi inganci ba.

Karkashin Arc na Turanci

Tsarin Kirkiyya: Kamar yadda aka bayyana a cikin IEC 62271-200, Annex AA.4.2, karkashin zai iya aiki a kan kirkiyya na daidai da ba zai da tsari mai kyau. Idan kirkiyya na da tsari mai kyau da ake zaba, karamin halayen da ke daidai suka bukata:
a) Adadin average RMS test current da ake karkasha zai iya tabbatar da abubuwan da ake bayyana a cikin AA.4.3.1;
b) Arc ba zai iya ɗaukan karkashin a lokacin da ke daidai.
Za a iya ɗaukan arc a kan phase na biyu saboda lokacin da ke daidai idan adadin lokacin da akwai karkashin ya ƙoma ba zai da 2% na lokacin da ke daidai, da kuma babu ɗaukar da ke daidai ya ƙoma da lokacin mai daɗi. Integral na AC current component zai iya haɗe da adadin da ake bayyana a cikin AA.4.3.1.
Kamar yadda aka bayyana a cikin STL guideline, a lokacin karkashin arc na three-phase da two-phase, phases na biyu zai iya aiki a kan current source da kirkiyya mai kyau, amma phase na uku zai iya aiki a kan voltage source da Ur/√3. A lokacin karkashin arc na single-phase, arc zai iya faru a kan middle phase da ground. Circuit zai iya aiki a kan current source da kirkiyya mai kyau, idan voltage source ya fi sani da short-circuit power da ya fi sani da in samar da voltage breakdown da kuma in yanayi shi daga interference.

Don 17.5 kV switchgear, karkashin arc fault internal zai iya aiki a 7.1 kV, wanda ya fitowa a cikin bayanin karkashin.

Halayen Karkashin da Kallonsa:

Ana iya karkashe sequential tests a kan sections da ba a yi karkashin ba a kan unit na kasa. Labba ba zai iya bayar da kuma cable ducts. Kallonsa na karkashin zai iya bayyana a cikin bayanin karkashin. Idan functional unit type ba zai iya amfani da shi a kan end unit a lokacin da ake amfani, a lokacin karkashin, za a iya karkashe two ko da yawa functional units a cikin assembly, inda tested unit zai iya aiki a kan side da kuma away from the simulated room wall.

Ceiling ya fi sani da 200 mm ± 50 mm a kan top na test object. Path na pressure relief panel ba zai iya ƙungiya ceiling. Bayanin karkashin zai iya fi sani da duk distances da ke daidai a kan test object da ceiling da ke daidai. Test sample zai iya aiki a cikin kallonsa na amfani. Don switchgear da hinges ventilation flaps, removable operating handles ba zai iya aiki, amma flap zai iya a cikin open position a lokacin karkashin arc internal. Kamar yadda aka bayyana a Figure 4, kallonsa na karkashin arc internal na 17.5 kV switchgear na iya aiki a kan four switchgear units a row. Karkashin zai iya aiki a kan three high-voltage compartments na leftmost end unit. Top na cabinet ya 600 mm below the ceiling, inda reflector plate an karkashe don in yanayi arc reflection from the ceiling da kuma burning of horizontal indicators. Test isolator trolley ya kawo circuit breaker don karkashin, da kuma internal protective plate na lower ventilation door ya ɗaukan open position.

Tambayar Da Karkashin IEC

Karkashin IEC zai iya fitowa certificates da ke daidai don abubuwan da ke daidai, sama da:

• Certificate na insulation performance

• Certificate na short-circuit making and breaking performance

• Certificate na internal arc performance

Akwai drawings da kuma dokumentoshin na manufacturer da za su iya bayyana don in tabbatar da yadda tested switchgear ya fi sani da supporting design drawings. Labba za iya tabbatar da sample da karkashin da kuma bayanin busbar specifications, support spacing, da kuma wasu abubuwan da ke daidai. Wannan da ba ya fi sani ba zai iya rubuta.

a) Single-line diagram na switchgear da controlgear, sama da component type names.
b) General arrangement drawing (assembly drawing), sama da:

• Overall dimensions

• Busbar system dimensions

• Support structure

• Electrical clearances

• Materials of major components
  c) Switchgear identification drawings as detailed in the relevant STL guidelines.